REWILD.info Field Guide - New pages [en]

Wild Earth Camp, July 1-7, Vancouver Island

Zoe B — Mon, 25 May 2009 07:38:22 GMT

Summary:

Join us at Wild Earth July 1-7 on southern Vancouver Island for forest action training, social and eco-justice workshops, and activists bent on taking down the system. Veterans and newcomers welcome!

Wild Earth is the only action training camp on the coast, and this year's focus is media and legal support for social and environmental justice advocates who are speaking out against the 2010 Olympics and the Torch Relay. Camp in a fabulous old-growth forest with like-minded folks, (Location to be announced soon.) Sign up now at http://forestaction.wikidot.com/wild-earth.

The gathering is 100% volunteer-run with zero corporate sponsorship, and we're very fortunate to have the support of several grassroots organizations. A big shout-out goes to the People's Trust, which kicked off our fundraising drive with a $500 contribution to this year's camp. The funds cover camp supplies like propane and tarps, transportation, and honourariums for presenters. Outside funding also means that participants contribute what they can and no one is turned away for lack of money. ($20-100 donation suggested.) Everything is included: free camping (BYO tent), meals, snacks, coffee and tea, and bush-style amenities.

At this point, we need volunteers! So why not seize this opportunity to help create a week-long community of social and environmental justice advocates in a fabulous natural setting. Volunteers get free admission, valuable experience and great contacts for future happenings. Contact Zoe right away to get involved: zoeblunt@gmail.com

- Present a workshop, lead a discussion, give a performance, play a game

- Climbing trainers and non-violence trainers wanted

- Help organize an event before the gathering - a yard sale, music show, movie, picnic, or whatever

- Help with camp set-up and logistics

- Wish list: Large pots and pans, water containers, propane tanks, tarps, big tents, food and especially coffee donations

'''Presenters include:'''

- Chris Shaw, 2010 Olympics impact on communities

- Frank "The Stimulator" Lopez, hands-on independent media

- Skundaal (Bernie Williams), indigenous rights and warrior ethics; justice for missing and murdered women

- Rusty, activist security

- Rob Hunter, Metis solo performer

- Bruce Dean, photography is not a crime

- Garliq, herbal first aid and activist wellness

- John Stedman, wilderness first aid

- Zoe Blunt, guerrilla strategies and direct action tactics

- Workshops on legal rights, tree-climbing, non-violence training, native plant walks and more.

Please join us for the 11th annual Wild Earth gathering July 1-7 on south Vancouver Island. Thank you and pass it on! http://forestaction.ca

Wild Earth camp, July 1-7, Vancouver Island

Zoe B — Mon, 25 May 2009 07:35:32 GMT

Summary: New page: Join us at Wild Earth July 1-7 on southern Vancouver Island for forest action training, social and eco-justice workshops, and activists bent on taking down the system. Veterans and newcome...

Join us at Wild Earth July 1-7 on southern Vancouver Island for forest action training, social and eco-justice workshops, and activists bent on taking down the system. Veterans and newcomers welcome!

Wild Earth is the only action training camp on the coast, and this year's focus is media and legal support for social and environmental justice advocates who are speaking out against the 2010 Olympics and the Torch Relay. Camp in a fabulous old-growth forest with like-minded folks, (Location to be announced soon.) Sign up now at http://forestaction.wikidot.com/wild-earth.

The gathering is 100% volunteer-run with zero corporate sponsorship, and we're very fortunate to have the support of several grassroots organizations. A big shout-out goes to the People's Trust, which kicked off our fundraising drive with a $500 contribution to this year's camp. The funds cover camp supplies like propane and tarps, transportation, and honourariums for presenters. Outside funding also means that participants contribute what they can and no one is turned away for lack of money. ($20-100 donation suggested.) Everything is included: free camping (BYO tent), meals, snacks, coffee and tea, and bush-style amenities.

At this point, we need volunteers! So why not seize this opportunity to help create a week-long community of social and environmental justice advocates in a fabulous natural setting. Volunteers get free admission, valuable experience and great contacts for future happenings. Contact Zoe right away to get involved: zoeblunt@gmail.com

- Present a workshop, lead a discussion, give a performance, play a game

- Climbing trainers and non-violence trainers wanted

- Help organize an event before the gathering - a yard sale, music show, movie, picnic, or whatever

- Help with camp set-up and logistics

- Wish list: Large pots and pans, water containers, propane tanks, tarps, big tents, food and especially coffee donations
'''
Presenters include:'''
- Chris Shaw, 2010 Olympics impact on communities

- Frank "The Stimulator" Lopez, hands-on independent media

- Skundaal (Bernie Williams), indigenous rights and warrior ethics; justice for missing and murdered women

- Rusty, activist security

- Rob Hunter, Metis solo performer

- Bruce Dean, photography is not a crime

- Garliq, herbal first aid and activist wellness

- John Stedman, wilderness first aid

- Zoe Blunt, guerrilla strategies and direct action tactics

- Workshops on legal rights, tree-climbing, non-violence training, native plant walks and more.

Please join us for the 11th annual Wild Earth gathering July 1-7 on south Vancouver Island. Thank you and pass it on! http://forestaction.ca

Feral Futures Rewild Camp

Dirty Hands — Mon, 11 May 2009 20:19:19 GMT

Summary: A Rewilding Gathering in Southwest Colorado, Summer 2009

'''feral''' [a. existing in a wild or untamed state. b. having escaped from domestication and returned, partly or wholly, to a wild state]

'''futures''' [a. all that is to be. b. the indefinite and infinite times yet to come]

----

“In all my travels, the only time I ever slept deeply was when I was with wolves… The days with my wolf family multiplied. I have no idea how many months I spent with them but I wanted it to last forever - it was far better than returning to the world of my own kind. Today, though most memories of my long journey are etched in tones of grey, the time spent with the wolves… is drenched in colour. Those were the most beautiful days I had ever experienced.”

Quote from Misha Defonseca, a Jewish orphan who, from the ages of seven to 11, wandered through occupied Europe in World War II, living on wild berries, raw meat and food stolen from farmhouses, and occasionally teaming up with wolves.

----

'Feral Futures' is a free, informal, and loosely structured rewilding, anarcho-primitivist, anti-civ/post-civ gathering taking place in Southwest Colorado from the New Moon at the end of May (around the 24th) to the Full Moon at the beginning of June (around the 6th or 7th). Dates are approximate. Folks are free to come and go as they please. The site is at a sacred hot springs along a wild river in National Forest bordered by Wilderness Area.

'Feral Futures' is a free, informal, and loosely structured rewilding, anarcho-primitivist, anti-civ/post-civ gathering taking place in Southwest Colorado from the New Moon at the end of May (around the 24th) to the Full Moon at the beginning of June (around the 6th or 7th). Dates are approximate. Folks are free to come and go as they please. The site is at a sacred hot springs along a wild river in National Forest bordered by Wilderness Area.

'Feral Futures' is not a gathering of anti-civ purists. We believe in Red, Black, and Green solidarity and unity, and in that spirit of revolt, would like to provide space at 'Feral Futures,' closer to the parking, for a direct action camp encompassing things that are not necessarily within the traditional framework of "primitivism" and/or "rewilding," but can nonetheless be utilized in an anti-civ praxis.

We are seeking folks who would like to facilitate workshops and skills shares in rewilding, survival skills, and earth skills, as well as folks who can facilitate direct action trainings, civil disobedience workshops, know your rights trainings, anti-oppression trainings, etc. We are also seeking medics, healers, storytellers, wisdom keepers, and anyone else who has something to offer.

We envision various camps at Feral Futures, including a communal kitchen, a reading library & lounge, a direct action camp, a first aid/medic/healer’s village, and a sacred space at the hot springs themselves.

Because Feral Futures is a free and informal gathering of equals, rather than a for-profit event with an entrance fee and "experts" who provide one-way transmission of knowledge, what "we" have to offer is much more about what you are able to provide and offer. We cannot do this without you.

If you are interested, and for site directions, contact feralfutures@riseup.net

http://myspace.com/feralfutures
http://feralfutures.blogspot.com

'''Workshops will include:'''

• wild food identification, sustainable harvesting, and preparation workshops courtesy of Durango’s own Turtle tribe: http://www.turtlelakerefuge.org/

• tree climbing: how to safely ascend a rope and mid-line rappel down, traversing or ziplining if we can set it up.

• tree life: advanced skills such as how to weave dreamcatchers, anchor ropes, double-line rappel, tree tarpology and tie in trees, getting in with a p-cord shot or maybe a bow and then tying traverses. this one would take place in the canopy so we'd need several harnesses.

• ground missions: how to be stealthy in the woods, know human, animal and vehicle tracks, practice blocking roads, concealment etc.

(It would be awesome if people could bring harnesses or other climbing gear. If anyone is into tree climbing already, you can check out the climbing guides at http://efclimbers.net for details on how we climb and the gear that's needed.)

• primitive skills

• decolonizing/rewilding work

• self-defense

• magical activism

• group process skills

We also hope the Earth First! Roadshow will be stopping by! (wink*wink*hint*hint*)

'''What to bring (suggestions):'''

'''Personal items:'''

• tent

• sleeping bag

• food & water

• water filter (suggested)

• toilet paper

• adequate clothing for hot days, cold nights, rain, etc.

• your own bowl, cup, utensils, etc.

• flashlight/headlamp & extra batteries

• sunscreen and bug repellant (if you use it)

• swimsuit & towel (there are swimming holes & hot springs!)

• fishing gear & license (world-class fly fishing!)

• your knowledge, wisdom, and skills

• your friends!

'''Communal items (to share or donate):'''

• tools (like shovels for digging shitters and hatchets/axes/saws for cutting up fire wood)

• food and water (a communal kitchen will form)

• kitchen gear (large pots, pans, water containers, etc.)

• tarps and rope

• climbing gear (harnesses, ropes, etc.) for tree climbing/sitting trainings

• First Aid gear!

• climbing gear for tree climbing workshops (harnesses, ropes, etc.)

• random primitive skills supplies (you know better than we do!)

• radical environmental, primitive, and rewilding literature

• local plant and animal identification guides, etc.

• local topographical maps

• your knowledge, wisdom, and skills

• your friends!

'''Things NOT to bring:'''

• firearms and other weapons (there's a difference between a TOOL and a WEAPON)

• parasitic or predatory human beings

• a bad attitude (including racism, sexism, classism, heteronormativity, homophobia, speciesism, ageism, ableism, etc.)

• the pigs and/or feddies

• a wire (we will be holding mandatory naked security culture workshops in the hot springs. No just kidding, only with your consent!)

Weekly supply runs will take place on Sunday mornings in conjunction with Durango Food Not Bombs. Surplus donated supplies from Durango FNB will be sent to the Feral Futures communal kitchen. Monetary donations for supplies will be collected at the Feral Futures communal kitchen. The Dirty Hands Collective will be providing Durango logistics and minimal services including laundry (bring your own soap!) and wireless internet access (also on Sundays in conjunction with FNB & supply runs for Feral Futures).

'''Camp guidelines (in progress):'''

We seek to create safe(r) space for all, including families and children, the sober, and those who identify as GLBTQ.

Drugs and alcohol are discouraged, but a rowdy zone will be established at the parking area, where we request the partying be restricted. All other space, including celebratory and ceremonial space, should be considered sober space. Please respect others. Unlike many similar gatherings, a space IS being designated for partying. This is more than you will find at most gatherings of this sort. So let's have some fun!

Dogs increase our impact on the land and local wildlife, and are thus discouraged, though we understand and accept the fact many human beings and their canine companions are inseparable, and they will undoubtedly remain a part of our rewilded and feral futures upon this planet. We request that if you bring your dog, you keep it on a leash. If your dog attacks wildlife, other dogs, or human beings, you will be asked to leave the gathering.

When it comes to physical intimacy and sexual contact, ASK FIRST! No Compromise In Defense of Consent!

Violence, physical assault, emotional assault, and/or sexual assault will NOT be tolerated under any circumstances and anyone who engages in such assault will be asked to leave, and if necessary, removed physically.

In attempting to manifest the world we desire, we will pursue non-coercive means of conflict resolution and non-coercive processes of accountability. Decisions affecting the group will be made through the utilization of consensus process.

See you in the woods!

Wapato plant

Lynn23 — Thu, 19 Mar 2009 18:42:07 GMT

Summary: New page: wapato plant

wapato plant

Eugene (Rewild Camp Tour)

Urbanscout — Sat, 29 Nov 2008 19:56:39 GMT

Summary:

This is part of the [[PNW Rewild Camp Tour]]

'''Location/Date/Time: TBA'''

== About ==
Each camp happens over the weekend, with 4 sessions for skills. Pick a session to teach a skill under. If you miss a skill, just make sure you meet someone who took the class you missed so that they can teach it to you later.

== Saturday Morning Session (10am) ==

'''Rewilding 101''' by Urban Scout - Don't quite understand what rewilding means? Come to my morning talk and Q&A on this emerging culture.

== Saturday Afternoon Session (1pm) ==

== Sunday Morning Session (10am) ==

== Sunday Afternoon Session (1pm) ==

Portland (Rewild Camp Tour)

Urbanscout — Sat, 29 Nov 2008 19:56:17 GMT

Summary:

Olympia (Rewild Camp Tour)

Urbanscout — Sat, 29 Nov 2008 19:55:52 GMT

Summary: /* Saturday Morning Session (10am) */

Seattle (Rewild Camp Tour)

Urbanscout — Sat, 29 Nov 2008 19:55:28 GMT

Summary: /* Saturday Morning Session (10am) */

PNW Rewild Camp Tour

Urbanscout — Sat, 29 Nov 2008 19:52:06 GMT

Summary:

'''Urban Scout Presents:
The 2009 Pacific Northwest Rewild Camp Tour'''

== About ==
Rewild Camps are a DIY social experiment/event where people come together to share rewilding skills and fun times such as: archery, fire by friction, martial arts, hunting/trapping, stone tools, tan a hide, sensory awareness, capture the flag, backyard campfires, dance parties, wild-crafting, coffee shop conversations about the collapse of civilization, impromptu dance parties, spontaneous hook-ups, gathering and cooking food, etc. Rewild Camp is a free event designed to serve the people of Pacific Northwest.

Here is how it works: say you have a skill such as the ones listed above. Add your skill in the time slot on the wiki! If you are wiki-illiterate, then just e-mail '''urbanscout (at) gmail (dot) com''' with your skill and he will stencil in a spot on the websiteo. Don’t have a skill to share? No problem! Just show up and make new friends. This tour will not only build local communities of rewilding, but also network various communities up and down the west coast.

The tour is organized by Portland’s own rewilding celebrity, '''Urban Scout'''. Scout has been teaching rewilding classes for over 10 years. He’s received local, national and international acclaim for his efforts in bringing rewilding to a wide audience. After having great success with his rewild camps in Portland, he’s taking the show on the road! For more on him check out his website '''www.urbanscout.org'''.

'''Willem Larsen''' of ''The College of Mythic Cartography'' has been facilitating gatherings for several years. Willem’s expertise in community building was handed down to him by his mother Diana Larsen (author of Agile Retrospectives). His writings on storytelling, clarity and team skills have made him popular among rewilders. For more about him go to his website '''www.mythic-cartography.org'''.

== Participating Cities ==
For dates/time/locations/skills please click on each individual city.

* [[Seattle (Rewild Camp Tour)]]
* [[Olympia (Rewild Camp Tour)]]
* [[Portland (Rewild Camp Tour)]]
* [[Eugene (Rewild Camp Tour)]]

Rewild Camp Philadelphia 2008

John — Wed, 12 Nov 2008 16:34:25 GMT

Summary: New page: Hello and welcome to Rewild Camp Philadelphia. This will be the online meeting place for residents of Philadelphia wishing to rewild themselves. We will begin meetings in the next couple w...

Hello and welcome to Rewild Camp Philadelphia. This will be the online meeting place for residents of Philadelphia wishing to rewild themselves. We will begin meetings in the next couple weeks as I piece this whole thing together. The idea and concept behind these meetings will be simple. To organize people, as well as to organize their respective skills, crafts, talents, etc as a community would in a natural habitat. In this particular context anyone who has already begun the process of rewilding and has already attained some, or all, of the skills necessary to rewild ones self would be the most useful. But as in any community all skills are of value and in time we will all learn what we can from another. Rewilding is as much about building a primitive community as it is about passing on the skills to survive in a primitive lifestyle. Everyone has something they can bring to the table and everyone is equally valuable. The primary focus of these meetings will be to help those that seek rewilding, and to bring these people together.

So as far as location I have decided on Lemon Hill. It has shelters we can use, as well as public bathrooms and water fountains.. This will make these events free to attend as there literally are no expenses.

I will post as soon as I come up with our first meeting date. Until then spread the word and gather as many of us as you can. I'm hoping to get our first meeting together before the end of November.

I look forward to meeting all those who become a part of this event.

'''Note''': Anyone with more HTML skills then me feel free to edit this page and snazzy it up a bit. Until then I'm going to avoid HTML coding as I no longer have a working knowledge of it.

Beauty or Bounty?

Wanderer — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 01:11:37 GMT

Summary:

I've decided to try using this wiki to help me organize thoughts and information on the usefulness of various horticultural landscape plants that fill my neighbor's yards. I live in Portland and we are lucky to have sites like urbanedibles.org that are good for the standard and well known fruits/nuts/herbs, I want to focus on the slightly more obscure....

== == Cercis canadensis - Eastern Redbud == ==
6/2/08 This is a tree in the pea family, native to the east coast. Southern OR and N Cal have a native Cercis (occidentalis), but the one you will see in the city is canadensis. It is not super common, but it is one of my favorites, so I always notice it. It blooms with bright pink classic pea family flowers in the very early spring, before or around the same time as the flowering cherries. The flowers bloom before the heart shaped leaves emerge. '''Both flowers and young leaves are edible.''' There is a mature tree on my block (at least 40 years old) that has a multi-stemmed open vase shape to it. The braches all have a gentle curve to them. This is the oldest specimen that I have noticed in the city, the other redbuds I've seen around are much younger, most of them newly planted parking strip trees.

According to various sources the wood is heavy, hard, and close-grained, but maybe weak, though I have a book that says it was used for bow making and the bark for basket weaving

== Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweet Gum ==
East Coast native that is used a lot in commercial landscape installations and as a street tree. It grows quickly, has stunning fall color (''bright'' red), and is one of the last trees to drop its leaves in these parts. The leaves are palmate and look enough like maple leaves that it's often mistaken for a maple, but is actually in the Witch Hazel family. The resin that is exuded from trunk wounds has been used as a chewing gum and has a host of medicinal uses([http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Liquidambar+styraciflua])

Cascadian flora

Wanderer — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 00:26:34 GMT

Summary:

[[Edibles]] Profiles of both native plants and introduced plants that "grow wild"

[[Beauty or Bounty?]] Profiles of commonly cultivated horticutural plants

Bioregion

Yarrow — Sat, 03 May 2008 13:44:42 GMT

Summary: Britain

Britain

Wapato

Maelstrom — Mon, 04 Feb 2008 02:08:39 GMT

Summary:

'''Description'''

Arrowhead or wapato is an emergent aquatic plant of the family ''Alismataceae''. North America is home to numerous species in the genus ''Sagittaria'', most of which produce edible tubers. However, some kinds are definitely more worth your time than others. Ther species that is most commonly harvested is the broad-leaved arrowhead, ''S. latifolia''. ''S. cuneata'' is another common species, smaller than the former. Its tubers, being smaller, are more difficulut to gather. Another common wapato of the northern U.S. and Canada is ''S. rigida'', which can grow quite large but always has small tubers.

All wapato species have long-stalked basal leaves. These range greatly in shape, but the classic form is pointed at the tip with two long, pointed lobes projecting in the opposite direction. This leaf shape accounts for the name "arrowhead." These sagittate leaves vary from 3 inches to more than 3 feet in lenght; they can be ribbon-like and only .5 inch wide, or they may be robust and as much as 1.5 feet wide. Immense variation in form can exist among plants growing only a few feet apart. Wapato also varies enormously in size; some leaves rise 5 feet off the water, while others are no more than a few inches high.

''Sagittaria rigida'' is unusual in that it does not have backward pointing lobes on its leaves; they are lanceolate or linear. One of the common species of wapato, ''S. cuneata'', sumetimes produces floating leaves. Most species also produce totally submerged, ribbon-like leaves.

There are other water plants with sagittate leaves. Notable among them are arrow arum ''Peltandra virginica'' and pickerelweed ''Pontederia cordata''. Neither of these is difficult to distinguish from wapato, even by leaf characters alone. The lobes of pickerelweed leaves are rounded rather than pointed, and the veins reach the lobes by making a j-shaped route from the midvein of the leaf, then heading up toward the tip, while the veins in the lobes of an arrowhead leaf dead end there. The pickerelweed leaf is curled (while that of wapato is rather flat) and also has many more veins. The tips and lopes of arrow arum leaves are usually less pointed than those of wapato. Also, there is a distinct vein that runs around the arum leaf just inside the perimeter, and the veins radiatiing from the center of the leaf visibly stop there. Arrowhead distinctly lacks this feature.

There is an easy way to distinguish the leaves of the broad-leaved wapato at a glance: The backward pointing lobes are far larger than those of any other plant with a similar leaf shape. The two lobes combined usually cover about the sames surface area as the main portion of the leaf, and often they cover more. Each lobe is about as long as the main section of the leaf as well. No other water plants have lobes like these.

Wapato's white, 3-petaled flowers bloom on a spike from mid summer through early autumn. The flowering stalk is separate from the leaves but rises about as high off the water. Later in summer, small green balls form in place of the flowers. These turn brown in fall and break apart to disperse tiny, flat, winged, floating seeds.

While wapato is often described as "potato-like," this tuber is actually very distinct in appearance and has no particular resemblance to a potato. Unlike many tubers, those of wapato display suprising uniformity in shape. They range from the size of a pea to the size of a goose egg, with about 1.5 inch in diameter being typical in a good locality. The wapatoes are spherical or ovoid in shape, sometimes slightly flattened, especially in the largest specimens. The raw tubers and other parts of the plant are scented mildly like grapefruit peel.

Each tuber is borne singly at the end of a soft, spongy, unforked rhizome, and a plant typically produces 2-8 tubers. The rhizomes on medium to large plants (from which you will most likely be collecting) are .5-.75 inch thick and 2-6 feet long. Where the bottome is harder, the rhizomes will be shorter and shallower.

Each tuber has one pointed shoot sticking out of the end, usually curling slightly to give the whole thing the shape of a large comma. There are usually two distinct rings around the wapato, to which thin, leafy "veils" are attached. There are no roots attached to the tuber.

The color of wapato tubers varies greatly, not only between the various species, but within each species as well. In one marsh a certain color will predominate, while in another marsh the typical coloration will be drastically different. Small to medium sized tubers of ''S. latifolia'' and especially ''S. cuneata'' are often a brilliant purple, and this is the color that is typically associated with wapato, but in darker water they are often darker purplish or reddish-brown. The Larger tubers of ''S. latifolia'' are sometimes white or cream colored. Others have reported yellow, green, reddish, or orange hues. Tubers of ''S. rigida'' are more spherical than the other species, rarely as large as an inch in diameter.

When cut, arrowhead tubers exude a small amount of latex. A thin coating of this will sometimes stick to cooking utensils and your fingers, but it is not really a problem. The flesh of the tubers is whitish, often with a hint of yellow, and crisp like a very hard apple. It does not contain visible fibers, nor is it marbled or opaque.

The wapato's function in the life cycle of the plant differs from that of other tubers. In the spring it does not produce stalkes or roots like a potato - all it does is send a single shoot upward to the surface of the mud, where a "knob" is formed. The leaves, roots, and flower stalk grow from this knob, and the tuber feeds them energy from deep in the mud through its "umbilical cord." As the tuber's energy is used up, it dies and withers. This system allows wapato to protect its starch reserves deep in the mud while still enjoying the benefits of growing on the surface. Novice wapato collectors sometimes mistakely harvest this knob, but it is not edible and does not resemble the tuber.

'''Range and Habitat'''

Different species of wapato are found across North America wherever there are wetlands, except they are absent from the Far North. Wapato is also widespread in Europe and Asia.

Wapato of one species or another is present in most slow or stagnant warm-water wetlands within its range, but the species to seek, at least in most of North America, is ''S. latifolia'', the broad-leaved arrowhead. This species comes to dominate large areas in nearly pure stands where five important conditions are met: there are large areas of shallow standing water, 4-18 inches above the mud line; the mud is moderately soft(hard enough to hold the wapato tuber in place despite the fact that it is buoyant, but soft enough for the rhizomes to penetrate the mud easily); the mud is not shallowly deposited over a hard substrate (otherwise bulrushes tend to take over); there is great fluctuation of water level; and there is ample sunlight. Cattail, bur reed, wild rice, and pickerelweed are the plants most commonly found alongside large wapato stands.

Yucca chopsticks

Wilderix — Wed, 28 Nov 2007 22:50:04 GMT

Summary: added category

[[Image:Split_yucca_662.jpg|thumb|Splitting a yucca stalk]]

You can use chopsticks for both cooking and eating. They don't scratch your cookware and can last for years. The dried stalks of [[Yucca]] (soapweed) plants work ideally for quickly making chopsticks in various sizes. One could, for example, have one pair about a foot long and 3/8 inch in diameter for cooking, and several thinner, shorter, pairs for eating.

== Things You'll Need ==
*Hacksaw with 18 or 24 teeth per inch
*Non-serrated knife, with blade preferably 8 inches long or longer
*[[Yucca]] stalks

== Steps ==
# If you live in the American Southwestern desert, finding a yucca plant can happen as easily as walking into your backyard. Find a stalk that has already fallen to the ground if you don't want to break down an upright stalk, because birds use them to perch and nest. The stalks vary in suitability; find one that has a mostly smooth surface and that the bees have not completely hollowed out.
# Using a hacksaw or other fine-toothed (probably no less than 18 teeth per inch) saw, cut a section about 7 to 12 inches long; longer for cooking, shorter for eating.
# Using a non-serrated knife, split the piece in half: sitting and wearing a leather apron, hold the piece securely with your thighs while you press with the knife from the top, one hand on the knife handle and the other cupped over the top of the blade. Press lightly, working the blade side to side. Once the split starts, it usually continues fairly effortlessly.
# Continue splitting into quarters and eighths, until you get a suitable size. Discard the pieces that didn't split well (they make good kindling wood).
# When finished splitting the stick, you can whittle the pieces to any level of perfection you desire. For a simple option, you could just make the "food" end of them rounded, and leave the rest.

== Sources ==
* Copied from [[wikihow:Make-Chopsticks-from-a-Yucca-Stalk|Make Chopsticks from a Yucca Stalk]] licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ CC 2.5 (by-nc-sa)]

[[Category:Tools]]

Lamb's Quarters

Jhereg — Mon, 12 Nov 2007 16:28:32 GMT

Summary:

{{tabs}}
{{Taxonomy
| Kingdom = Plant
| Division = Magnoliophyta
| Class = Magnoliopsida
| Order = Caryophyllales
| Family = Amaranthaceae
| Genus = Chenopodium
| Species = album
| Image = Chenopodium_album_flowering.jpg
| ImageCaption = Lamb's quarters in flower}}
'''Lamb's Quarters''' ('''''Chenopodium album''''') grows up to 5 feet tall, flowering and seeding in a single year. It usually begins as an upright plant , then becomes more recumbent after flowering, owing to the weight of the seeds. Because there are many species and they hybridize so readily, the taxanomy is complex. Some people know it as "Goosefoot" or "Fat Hen" (although in Britain, Fat Hen is another name for ''Chenopodium bonus-henricus'', or Good King Henry).

==Identification==
'''''Chenopodium ''''' forms a large genus of {{bg|flowering plant}}s in the family [[:Category:Family-Amaranthaceae|Amaranthaceae]]. Lamb's Quarters has leaves which alternate with often quite variable shapes. The first leaves, near the base of the plant, have teeth and look somewhat diamond shaped, whereas the younger leaves towards the top of the plant tend to form more of a lance shape. You should find a slight waxy bloom on the underside of the leaves.

==Uses==
Many gardeners and farmers consider lamb's quarters a weed, however, the plant does have several culinary uses and has considerable nutritive value. You can cook the leaves like spinach or eat them raw in a salad. Cooked, the flavor most resembles spinach, but with a "meatier" texture; raw the leaves are fairly mild. Grinding the seeds produces an edible flour. The leaves contain high levels of vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium. Like most ''chenopodia'', the seeds are coated with saponins which should ideally be washed off before eating. This water can then be used as a soap.<ref>[http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-C00001-01c20kH.html NutritionData: Lamb's Quarters, cooked, boiled, drained]</ref>

==Sources==
''Attribution''
* Tracts of article copied from [[Wikipedia:Chenopodium_album]] licensed under the {{gfdl}}

''References''
<references/>

{{e-prime}}
[[Category:Flora Food]]
[[Category:Dixie flora]]
[[Category:Longhouse flora]]

Morels

Tonyz — Fri, 19 Oct 2007 23:25:39 GMT

Summary: added pic and category

{{Taxonomy
| Kingdom = Fungus
| Division = Ascomycota
| Subdivision = Pezizomycotina
| Class = Pezizomycetes
| Order = Pezizales
| Family = Morchellaceae
| Genus = Morchella
| Species = spp.
| Image = ‎Morel_habitat.jpg
| ImageCaption = Morel habitat
}}

No other fungus has more mystery surrounding it than the ''[[:Category: Genus Morchella|Morchella]]'' genus of fungi. One of the earliest fungi to appear, it is found in most [[bioregion]]s of the world, generally beginning to [[fruit]] after the first few 70°F(21°C) days and 50°F(10°C) nights of [[spring]].

[[Image:Morels.jpg|thumb|300px|none|Frost-bitten morels]]

[[Category:Fungi]]

Mycophagist

Tonyz — Tue, 16 Oct 2007 05:52:13 GMT

Summary: New page: mycophagist = one who easts fungi

mycophagist = one who easts fungi

Fungi

Tonyz — Tue, 16 Oct 2007 05:03:51 GMT

Summary: /* Mushroom Foraging: A Cultural Perspective */

[[Image:morels.jpg|thumb|right|Frost-bitten Morels]]
Fungi contain a broad range of life with much to offer. Many foods are fermented using fungi, and many more foods are the teleomorphic fruit bodies of the sight unseen organism of the fungi, the mycelium. Fungi often grow in concert with other life, and 90 percent of all plant life depend on these special relationships. Fungi simply evade simple classification. Fungi form the flexible nerve center of the forest, delivering nutrients to flora and fauna.

==Fungi Foraging==
The Fifth Kingdom offers foragers many delights throughout the year. Regardless of one's [[Bioregion]] and weather conditions, the variety and abundance of fungi is available to the forager in the know. The skilled mushroom forager can develop many strategies to determine the ins and outs of mushroom foraging. No amount of study can compensate for years of experience and knowledge of local weather patterns.

===Where to Find Fungi===

[[Image:podaxis.jpg|thumb|right|This string of Khumbhi awaits use as a medicine.]]

Foragers can find fungi in every corner of the planet. Mutualistic lichens of the far north and the Khumbhi desert mushroom ('' Podaxis Pistillaris'') show just a sample of how wide of a range this fragile kingdom covers.

Swales, watersheds, and creek and stream beds can contain fresh fruitbodies regardless of the rain cycles. Whereas many fungi become waterlogged in the bottoms, even in a drought a strategically fallen log, laying partly in water, could fruit many species existing in a matrix.

Several keys areas should be investigated during a fungi foray. Fallen logs, the base of old-growth trees, tree injury sites, and well drained slopes and meadows host the majority of fungi.

===When to Look For Fungi===

A beginner should start to look for fungi in the days following a good, soaking rain, whereas an expert [[mycophagist]] hunts at their leisure. The farmers almanac is a good source to plan out mushroom trips in advance. during the perigee of the moon, the pull of the tides is strongest, and groundwater is said to rise to the surface. This period, if preceded by a healthy rain, is the strongest times of the year to find even the most elusive of fungi.

===Why Hunt Fungi?===

The reward of discovering natures hidden treasures provides the greatest benefit to the fungi forager. In their preserved, dried form, nost fungi offer about one-third carbohydrates, one-third protein, and one third fiber. Many fungi contain a wide variety of B vitamins and most have medicinal properties. Hunting for fungi blindly without some strategy can lead to diminishing returns; however the hunt itself rewards even the most amateur of hunters. Grasses and trees must be studied, the nature and flow of water in the area must be observed in order for the forager to begin to develop a sixth sense about mushrooms.

===Mushroom Foraging: A Cultural Perspective===

Mycophobia is a recent trend and has it's roots in the New England witchcraft trials. Many European cultures, most notably the French, the Italians, and Polish are avid [[mycophagist]]s. Indians of North America collected fungi and fungi became integral to the Midewiwin Medicine Society. The Soma of the Vedic texts were most likely a vision-inducing mushroom. Asiatic cultures have the most rich history of mushroom foraging and cultivation.

==Fermented Foods==

What do Beer, Tempeh, Kombucha, Soy Sauce, Roquefort cheese, and chicha all have in common? They all come from the fermentation of foodstuffs by fungi.

===A Rewilding Perspective===

Fungi provide a key source of vitamins and minerals, as well as protein for the wildcrafter.

Violet

Starfish — Sat, 13 Oct 2007 00:32:03 GMT

Summary: added bioregional categories

{{Taxonomy
|Kingdom=Plant
|Division=Magnoliophyta
|Class=Magnoliopsida
|Order=Malpighiales
|Family=Violaceae
|Genus=Viola
|Species=see text
|Binomial=Viola spp.
|Image=Viola_sororia.jpg
|ImageCaption=''Viola sororia'' - the common blue violet
}}

'''Violets''' ('''''Viola''''') are a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Violaceae]], with around 400-500 species throughout the world, mainly in the temperate [[Northern Hemisphere]] but also in [[Hawaii]], [[Australasia]], and the [[Andes]] in [[South America]]. They are typically found in moist and slightly shaded conditions such as [[hedgerow]]s.

Most violets are small [[perennial plant]]s, but a few are [[annual plant]]s and some are small [[shrub]]s. They typically have heart-shaped [[leaf|leaves]], and asymmetrical [[flower]]s with four upswept or fan-shaped petals, two each side, and one broad, lobed lower petal pointing downward. The shape of the petals defines many species, for example, some violets have a "spur" on the end of each petal. Flower colours vary in the genus; many are violet as their name suggests, and some are blue, some yellow, some white, some cream; some are bicolored, often blue and yellow. Flowering is often profuse, and may last for much of the spring and summer.

One quirk of some violets is the elusive scent of their flowers; along with [[terpene]]s, a major component of the scent is a [[ketone]] compound called [[ionone]], which temporarily desensitises the [[olfactory receptor neuron|receptors]] in the nose; this prevents any further scent from being detected from the flower.

==Uses==
===Culinary use===
When newly opened, violet flowers may be used to decorate salads or in stuffings for poultry or fish. Soufflés, cream and similar desserts can be flavoured with essence of violet flowers. The young leaves are edible raw or cooked as a somewhat bland [[leaf vegetable]]. Flowers, leaves and roots are also used for medical purposes, being rich in [[vitamin]]s A and C. They also contain a type of [[antioxidant]] called an [[anthocyanin]].

A '''candied violet''' or '''crystallized violet''' is a violet flower preserved by a coating of [[sugar syrup]]. Hot syrup is poured over the fresh flower (or the flower is immersed in the syrup) and stirred until the sugar recrystallizes and dries. This method is still used for [[rose]] petals, and was applied to [[Orange (fruit)|orange]] flowers in the past (when [[almond]]s or orange peel are treated this way they are called [[praline]]s). Candied violets are still made commercially at [[Toulouse]], France, where they are known as ''violettes de Toulouse''. They are used as decoration or included in aromatic desserts.

Violets flavour the [[liqueurs]] [[Creme Yvette]], [[Creme de Violette]], and [[Parfait d'Amour]]. They are also used in [[Parma Violets]].

===Medicinal use===
Violet flowers are also used to make an herbal tea that is used in [[Chinese herbology|Chinese herbal medicine]].

==Selected species==
*''[[Viola arvensis]]'' - Field Pansy
*''[[Viola banksii]]'' - (Australian) Native Violet
*''[[Viola biflora]]'' - Yellow Wood Violet or Twoflower Violet
*''[[Viola canina]]'' - Heath Dog Violet
*''[[Viola hederacea]]'' - Native Violet
*''[[Viola hirta]]'' - Hairy Violet
*''[[Viola odorata]]'' - Sweet Violet
*''[[Viola sororia]]'' - Common Blue Violet or Hooded Violet
*''[[Viola papilionacea]]'' - Common Blue Violet
*''[[Viola pedunculata]]'' - Yellow Pansy
*''[[Viola pubescens]]'' - Downy yellow violet
*''[[Viola riviniana]]'' - Common Dog Violet
*''[[Viola stagnina]]'' - Fen Violet
*''[[Viola tricolor]]'' - Wild Pansy or Heartsease

''Note:'' Neither ''[[Saintpaulia]]'' ("African violets") nor ''[[Erythronium dens-canis]]'' ("Dogtooth violets") are related to the true viola.

The genus includes the [[Dog Violet]]s, a group of scentless species which are the most common viola in many areas, the [[sweet violet|Sweet Violet]] ''Viola odorata'' (named from its sweet scent), and many other species whose common name includes the word "violet". Several species are known as pansies, including the [[Yellow Pansy]] of the [[Pacific]] coasts.

Australia is home to a number of viola, including ''[[Viola hederacea]]'', ''[[Viola betonicifolia]]'' and ''[[Viola banksii]]'', first collected by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander on the Cook voyage to Botany Bay.

The modern [[Pansy|Garden Pansy]] (''V. × wittrockiana'') is a plant of complex [[hybrid]] origin involving at least three species, [[Heartsease|''V. tricolor'']] (Wild Pansy or Heartsease), ''[[Viola altaica|V. altaica]]'' and ''[[Viola lutea|V. lutea]]'' (Mountain Pansy).

== Sources ==
''Attribution''
* Copied from [[Wikipedia:Viola (plant)]] licensed under the {{gfdl}}

''References''
* [http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22030 ITIS] (Accessed December 2 2002)
*''The Oxford Companion to Food'', by Alan Davidson, [[Oxford University Press]]. ISBN 0-19-211579-0
*''Larousse Gastronomique'', by Prosper Montagne (Ed.), Clarkson Potter, 2001. ISBN 0-609-60971-8

==External link==
*[http://www.herbier.ulaval.ca/specimens_types/template.php?pid=0045456 ''Viola charlestonensis'' type sheet] from Louis-Marie herbarium ([[Laval University]]; Isotype, [[holotype]] is at [[University of California]]).

[[Category:Dixie flora]]
[[Category:Longhouse flora]]

Goldenrod

Starfish — Sat, 13 Oct 2007 00:27:26 GMT

Summary:

{{taxonomy
|CommonName=Goldenrod
|Image=
|ImageCaption=
|Kingdom=Plant
|Division=Magnoliophyta
|Class=Magnoliopsida http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Solidago_virgaurea_minuta0.jpg|Order=Asterales
|Family=Asteraceae
|Genus=solidago
|Species=see text
|Binomial=Solidago spp.
}}

The '''goldenrod''' is a yellow [[flowering plant]] in the Family [[Asteraceae]].

== Description ==

About 80 perennial species make up the [[genus]] ''Solidago'', most being found in the meadows and pastures, along roads, ditches and waste areas in [[North America]], and a few from [[Europe]] that were introduced some 250 years ago.

Many species are difficult to distinguish. Probably due to their bright, golden yellow flower heads blooming in late summer, the goldenrod is often unfairly blamed for causing [[hay fever]] in humans. The pollen causing these allergy problems is mainly produced by [[Ragweed]] (''Ambrosia sp.''), blooming at the same time as the goldenrod, but is wind-pollinated. Goldenrod [[pollen]] is too heavy and sticky to be blown far from the flowers, and is thus mainly pollinated by insects.

Goldenrods are easily recognized by their golden inflorescence with hundreds of small capitula, but some are spike-like and other have auxiliary [[raceme]]s.

They have slender [[Plant stem|stems]], usually hairless but ''S. canadensis'' shows hairs on the upper stem. They can grow to a length between 60 cm and 1.5 m.

Their alternate leaves are linear to lanceolate. Their margins are usually finely to sharply serrated.

Propagation is by wind-disseminated [[seed]] or by underground [[rhizome]]s. They form patches that are actually vegetative [[vegetative reproduction|clone]]s of a single plant.

==Use and cultivation==
Goldenrod is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species - see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Goldenrods]]. The Goldenrod then forms a leathery bulb (called a [[gall]]) around the invading insect as a quarantine to keep it confined to a small part of the plant. Parasitoid wasps have evolved to find these galls, and lay eggs in the insect after penetrating the bulb. In a final nod to evolutionary complexity, woodpeckers have learned to blast open the gall and eat the wasp-infested insect holed up in the center.

Goldenrods can be used for decoration and making [[tea]]. Goldenrods are, in some places, held as a sign of good luck or good fortune; but they are considered [[weed]]s by some.

Goldenrods bloom in late summer and early fall and some species produce abundant nectar when moisture is plentiful before bloom, and the bloom period is relatively warm and sunny. [[Honey]] from goldenrods often is dark and strong due to admixtures of other nectars. However when there is a strong [[honey flow]], a light (often water white), spicy-tasting [[Monofloral honey|honey]] is produced. While the bees are ripening the honey there is a rank odor and taste, but finished honey is much milder.

===Garden use===
British gardeners adopted goldenrod long before Americans. Goldenrod only began to gain some acceptance in American gardening (other than wildflower gardening) during the 1980s. A hybrid with [[Aster (flower)|aster]], known as ''x Solidaster'' is less unruly, with pale yellow flowers, equally suitable for dried arrangements.

''Solidago canadensis'' was introduced as a garden plant in Central Europe, and is now common in the wild. In [[Germany]], it is considered an [[invasive species]] that displaces native vegetation from its natural habitat.

Goldenrod is a [[companion plant]], playing host to some beneficial insects, repelling some pests

===Medicinal use===
The variety Solidago virgaurea is a traditional kidney tonic. It has [[aquaretic]], anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antiseptic action and seems to increase kidney output. This makes it useful as an agent to counter inflammation and irritation of the kidneys when bacterial infection or stones are present. The aquaretic action is also useful in helping to dissolve kidney stones by diluting their components and prevent them from reoccuring. See [[herbalism|herbal medicine]]

==Species==
* ''[[Solidago albopilosa]]'' E.L. Braun : Whitehair Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago altiplanities]]'' C.& J. Taylor : High Plains Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago arguta]]'' Ait. : Atlantic Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago arguta]]''. var. ''arguta'' : Atlantic Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago arguta]]'' var. ''boottii'' (Hook.) Palmer & Steyermark : Boott's Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago arguta]]'' var. ''caroliniana'' Gray : Atlantic Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago arguta]]'' var. ''harrisii'' (Steele) Cronq. : Harris' Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago arguta]]'' var. ''neurolepis'' (Fern.) Steyermark : Atlantic Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago auriculata]]'' Shuttlw. ex Blake : Eared Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago bicolor]]'' L. : White Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago brachyphylla]]'' Chapman : Dixie Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago buckleyi]]'' Torr. & Gray : Buckley's Goldenrod ({{StatusVulnerable}})
* ''[[Solidago caesia]]'' L. : Wreath Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago caesia]]'' var. ''caesia'' : Wreath Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago caesia]]'' var. ''curtisii'' (Torr. & Gray) Wood : Mountain Decumbent Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago calcicola]]'' Fern. : Limestone Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago californica]]'' Nutt. : California Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' L. : Canada Goldenrod, Canadian Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' var. ''canadensis'' : Canada Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' var. ''gilvocanescens'' Rydb. : Shorthair Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' var. ''hargeri'' Fern. : Harger's Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' var. ''lepida'' (DC.) Cronq. : Canada Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' var. ''salebrosa'' (Piper) M.E. Jones : Salebrosa Goldenrod
** ''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' var. ''scabra'' Torr. & Gray : Canada Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago cutleri]]'' Fern. : Cutler's alpine Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago deamii]]'' Fern. : Deam's Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago discoidea]]'' Ell. : Rayless Mock Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago fistulosa]]'' P. Mill. : Pinebarren Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago flaccidifolia]]'' Small : Mountain Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago flexicaulis]]'' L. : Zigzag Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago gattingeri]]'' Chapman : Gattinger's Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago gigantea]]'' Ait. : Giant Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago glomerata]]'' Michx. : Clustered Goldenrod
* ''Solidago gracillima'' Torr. & Gray : Virginia Goldenrod
* ''Solidago guiradonis'' Gray : Guirado Goldenrod
* ''Solidago hispida'' Muhl. ex Willd. : Hairy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago hispida'' var. ''arnoglossa'' Fern. : Hairy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago hispida'' var. ''hispida'' : Hairy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago hispida'' var. ''lanata'' (Hook.) Fern. : Hairy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago hispida'' var. ''tonsa'' Fern. : Hairy Goldenrod
* ''Solidago juliae'' Nesom : Julia's Goldenrod
* ''Solidago juncea'' Ait. : Early Goldenrod
* ''Solidago latissimifolia'' P. Mill. : Elliott's Goldenrod
* ''Solidago leavenworthii'' Torr. & Gray : Leavenworth's Goldenrod
* ''Solidago ludoviciana'' (Gray) Small : Louisiana Goldenrod
* ''Solidago macrophylla'' Pursh : Largeleaf Goldenrod
* ''Solidago missouriensis'' Nutt. : Missouri Goldenrod
** ''Solidago missouriensis'' var. ''fasciculata'' Holz. : Missouri Goldenrod
** ''Solidago missouriensis'' var. ''missouriensis'' : Missouri Goldenrod
** ''Solidago missouriensis'' var. ''tenuissima'' (Woot. & Standl.) C.& J. Taylor : Missouri Goldenrod
** ''Solidago missouriensis'' Nutt. var. ''tolmieana'' (Gray) Cronq. : Tolmies' Goldenrod
* ''Solidago mollis'' Bartl. : Velvety Goldenrod
** ''Solidago mollis'' var. ''angustata'' Shinners : Velvety Goldenrod
** ''Solidago mollis'' var. ''mollis'' : Velvety Goldenrod
* ''Solidago multiradiata'' Ait. : Rocky Mountain Goldenrod, Alpine Goldenrod
** ''Solidago multiradiata'' var. ''arctica'' (DC.) Fern. : Arctic Goldenrod
** ''Solidago multiradiata'' var. ''multiradiata'' : Rocky Mountain Goldenrod
** ''Solidago multiradiata'' var. ''scopulorum'' Gray : Manyray Goldenrod
* ''Solidago nana'' Nutt. : Baby Goldenrod
* ''Solidago nemoralis'' Ait. : Gray Goldenrod, American Western Goldenrod
** ''Solidago nemoralis'' var. ''longipetiolata'' (Mackenzie & Bush) Palmer & Steyermark : Gray Goldenrod
** ''Solidago nemoralis'' var. ''nemoralis'' : Gray Goldenrod
* ''Solidago odora'' Ait. : Anise-scented Goldenrod, Sweet Goldenrod
** ''Solidago odora'' var. ''chapmanii'' (Gray) Cronq. : Chapman's Goldenrod
** ''Solidago odora'' var. ''odora'' : Anise-scented Goldenrod
* ''Solidago ouachitensis'' C.& J. Taylor : Ouachita Mountain Goldenrod
* ''Solidago patula'' Muhl. ex Willd. : Roundleaf Goldenrod
** ''Solidago patula'' var. ''patula'' : Roundleaf Goldenrod
** ''Solidago patula'' var. ''strictula'' Torr. & Gray : Roundleaf Goldenrod
* ''Solidago petiolaris'' Ait. : Downy Ragged Goldenrod
** ''Solidago petiolaris'' var. ''angusta'' (Torr. & Gray) Gray : Downy Ragged Goldenrod
** ''Solidago petiolaris'' var. ''petiolaris'' : Downy Ragged Goldenrod
* ''Solidago pinetorum'' Small : Small's Goldenrod
* ''Solidago plumosa'' Small : Plumed Goldenrod
* ''Solidago porteri'' Small : Porter's Goldenrod
* ''Solidago puberula'' Nutt. : Downy Goldenrod ({{StatusVulnerable}})
** ''Solidago puberula'' var. ''puberula'' : Downy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago puberula'' var. ''pulverulenta'' (Nutt.) Chapman : Downy Goldenrod
* ''Solidago pulchra'' Small : Carolina Goldenrod
* ''Solidago radula'' Nutt. : Western Rough Goldenrod
** ''Solidago radula'' var. ''laeta'' (Greene) Fern. : Western Rough Goldenrod
** ''Solidago radula'' var. ''radula'' : Western Rough Goldenrod
** ''Solidago radula'' var. ''stenolepis'' Fern. : Western Rough Goldenrod
* ''Solidago roanensis'' Porter : Roan Mountain Goldenrod {{StatusEndangered}}
* ''Solidago rugosa'' P. Mill. : Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod, Rough-stemmed Goldenrod
** ''Solidago rugosa'' subsp. ''aspera'' (Ait.) Cronq. : Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod
** ''Solidago rugosa'' subsp. ''rugosa'' : Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago rugosa'' subsp. ''rugosa'' var. ''rugosa'' : Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago rugosa'' subsp. ''rugosa'' var. ''sphagnophila'' Graves : Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago rugosa'' subsp. ''rugosa'' var. ''villosa'' (Pursh) Fern. : Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod
* ''Solidago rupestris'' Raf. : Eock Goldenrod
* ''Solidago sciaphila'' Steele : Shadowy Goldenrod
* ''Solidago sempervirens'' L. : Seaside Goldenrod, Beach Goldenrod
** ''Solidago sempervirens'' var. ''mexicana'' (L.) Fern. : Seaside Goldenrod
** ''Solidago sempervirens'' var. ''sempervirens'' : Seaside Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago shortii]]'' Torr. & Gray : Short's Goldenrod {{StatusEndangered}}
* ''Solidago simplex'' Kunth : Mt. Albert Goldenrod
* ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''randii'' (Porter) Ringius : Rand's Goldenrod
** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''randii'' var. ''gillmanii'' (Gray) Ringius : Rand's Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''randii'' var. ''monticola'' (Porter) Ringius : Rand's Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''randii'' var. ''ontarioensis'' (Ringius) Ringius : Ontario Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''randii'' var. ''racemosa'' (Greene) Ringius : Rand's Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''randii'' var. ''randii'' (Porter) Kartesz & Gandhi : Rand's Goldenrod
** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''simplex'' : Mt. Albert Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''simplex'' var''. nana'' (Gray) Ringius : Dwarf Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''simplex'' var. ''simplex'' : Mt. Albert Goldenrod
*** ''Solidago simplex'' subsp. ''simplex'' var. ''spathulata'' (DC.) Cronq. : Mt. Albert Goldenrod
* ''Solidago simulans'' Fern. : Fall Goldenrod
* ''Solidago speciosa'' Nutt. : Showy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago speciosa'' var. ''erecta'' (Pursh) MacM. : Showy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago speciosa'' var. ''jejunifolia'' (Steele) Cronq. : Showy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago speciosa'' var. ''pallida'' Porter :Showy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago speciosa'' var. ''rigidiuscula'' Torr. & Gray : Showy Goldenrod
** ''Solidago speciosa'' var. ''speciosa'' : Showy Goldenrod
* ''Solidago spectabilis'' (D.C. Eat.) Gray : Nevada Goldenrod
** ''Solidago spectabilis'' var. ''confinis'' (Gray) Cronq. : Nevada Goldenrod
**'' Solidago spectabilis'' var. ''spectabilis'' : Nevada Goldenrod
* ''Solidago sphacelata'' Raf. : Autumn Goldenrod
* ''Solidago spithamaea'' M.A. Curtis : Blue Ridge Goldenrod
* ''Solidago squarrosa'' Nutt. : Stout Goldenrod, Big Goldenrod
* ''Solidago stricta'' Ait. : Wand Goldenrod
* ''Solidago tortifolia'' Ell. : Twistleaf Goldenrod
* ''Solidago tenuifolia'' : Slender Goldenrod
* ''Solidago uliginosa'' Nutt. : Bog Goldenrod
** ''Solidago uliginosa'' var. ''levipes'' (Fern.) Fern. : Bog Goldenrod
** ''Solidago uliginosa'' var. ''linoides'' (Torr. & Gray) Fern. : Bog Goldenrod
** ''Solidago uliginosa'' var. ''terrae-novae'' (Torr. & Gray) Fern. : Bog Goldenrod
** ''Solidago uliginosa''. var. ''uliginosa'' : Bog Goldenrod
* ''Solidago ulmifolia'' Muhl. ex Willd. : Elmleaf Goldenrod
** ''Solidago ulmifolia'' var. ''microphylla'' Gray : Elmleaf Goldenrod
** ''Solidago ulmifolia'' var. ''palmeri'' Cronq. : Palmer's Goldenrod
** ''Solidago ulmifolia'' var. ''ulmifolia'' : Elmleaf Goldenrod
* ''Solidago velutina'' DC. : Threenerve Goldenrod
* ''Solidago verna'' M.A. Curtis : Springflowering Goldenrod
* ''[[Solidago virgaurea]]'' : Goldenrod, Aaron’s Rod
* ''Solidago wrightii'' Gray : Wright's Goldenrod
** ''Solidago wrightii'' var. ''adenophora'' Blake : Wright's Goldenrod
** ''Solidago wrightii'' var. ''wrightii'' : Wright's Goldenrod

==Sources==
''Attribution''
* Copied from [[Wikipedia:Goldenrod]] licensed under the {{gfdl}}

''References''
* None
<references/>

[[Category:Dixie flora]]
[[Category:Longhouse flora]]

Dixie fauna

Starfish — Fri, 12 Oct 2007 19:23:41 GMT

Summary: added category

== Insects ==

[[Palmetto Bug]]

[[Dragonfly]]

[[Dogfly]]

[[Fire Ant]]

[[Water Boatmen]]

[[Water Strider]]

[[Cicadas]]

[[Ladybug]]

[[Mosquito]]

[[Love Bug]]

[[Flower Fly]]

[[Monarch Butterfly]]

[[Common Buckeye Butterfly]]

== Arachnids ==

[[Brown Recluse]]

[[Golden Orb Spider]]

[[Jumping Spider]]

[[Daddy Long Legs]]

== Reptiles ==

[[American Alligator]]

[[Corn Snake]]

[[Cottonmouth]]

[[Eastern Diamond Back Rattlesnake]]

[[Alligator Snapping Turtle]]

[[Anole Lizard]]

== Birds ==

[[Red Shouldered Hawk]]

[[Red Tailed Hawk]]

[[Mockingbird]]

[[Blue Jay]]

[[Bluebird]]

[[Cardinal]]

[[Chickadee]]

[[Baltimore Oriole]]

[[House Sparrow]]

[[Starling]]

[[Mourning Dove]]

[[Eurasian Collared Dove]]

[[Red-Bellied Woodpecker]]

[[Pileated Woodpecker]]

[[Crow]]

[[Great Blue Heron]]

[[White Pelican]]

[[Brown Pelican]]

[[Herring Gull]]

[[Laughing Gull]]

[[Great Egret]]

[[Wild Turkey]]

== Mammals ==

[[Gray Squirrel]]

[[White-Tailed Deer]]

[[Coyote]]

[[Rabbit]]

[[Beaver]]

[[Nutria]]

[[Skunk]]

[[Red Fox]]

[[Armadillo]]

[[Raccoon]]

[[Black Bear]]

[[Opossum]]

== Mollusks ==

== Fish ==

[[Category:Dixie fauna]]

Dixie (bioregion)

Wilderix — Thu, 11 Oct 2007 20:47:46 GMT

Summary: New page:  The '''Dixie''' bioregion takes up most of what we now call the southern United States. == Ecology == :''For main article, see [[Dixie ecology...

The '''Dixie''' bioregion takes up most of what we now call the southern United States.

== Ecology ==

:''For main article, see [[Dixie ecology]]''

=== Dixie flora ===

:''For main article, see [[Dixie flora]]''

=== Dixie fauna ===

:''For main article, see [[Dixie fauna]]''

== Cultures ==

:''For main article, see [[Dixie cultures]]''

=== Native cultures ===

:''For main article, see [[Native Dixie cultures]]''

=== Invasive cultures ===

:''For main article, see [[Invasive Dixie cultures]]''

Marked by a wide variety of civilized cultural stances, the main dominating themes of the invasive culture of Dixie rest in concepts like agriculture, evangelical Christianity, rural lifestyles, and -- especially in certain regions -- poverty. As Garreau points out, "Perhaps what most folk realize is that Dixie's boundaries are defined more by emotion than any other nation. Like New England, Dixie is an idea that has been around for a long time, and people have had a lot of time to savor it, curse it, love it, and leave it."<ref name="Dixie">[http://www.garreau.com/main.cfm?action=chapters&id=41 Dixie] by Joel Garreau</ref>

Other nicknames for Dixie include "the Bible Belt" and "the Sun Belt".

=== Feral Cultures ===

:''For main article, see [[Feral Dixie cultures]]''

== See Also ==
* [[Dixie flora]]
* [[Dixie fauna]]
* [[:Category:Dixie]]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Dixie]]

Dixie flora

Wilderix — Thu, 11 Oct 2007 16:45:32 GMT

Summary:

== Floor ==

[[Goldenrod]]

[[Violet]]

[[Sandspur]]

[[Spanish Needles]]

[[Sow Thistle]]

[[Dandelion]]

[[Black-eyed Susan]]

[[Prickly Pear]]

[[Yucca]]

[[Wood Sorrel]]

[[Purslane]]

[[White Clover]]

[[Plantain]]

[[Lady's thumb]]

[[Jewelweed]]

[[Yarrow]]

[[Mullein]]

== Understory ==

[[American Beautyberry]]

[[Muscadine]]

[[Smilix]]

[[Morning Glory]]

[[Saw Palmetto]]

[[Yaupon]]

[[Devil's Walking Stick]]

[[Jimson Weed]]

[[Wisteria]]

[[Dogwood]]

[[Lantana]]

[[Mimosa]]

[[Wax Myrtle]]

[[Chinese Tallow Tree]]

[[Virginia Creeper]]

[[Willow]]

[[Pokeweed]]

[[Sassafras]]

[[Sumac]]

[[Poison Ivy]]

[[Poison Oak]]

[[Poison Sumac]]

== Canopy ==

[[Cypress]]

[[Sycamore]]

[[Sweetgum]]

[[Magnolia]]

[[Black Gum]]

[[Butternut]]

[[Walnut]]

[[Long Leaf Pine]]

[[Slash Pine]]

[[Oak]]

[[Hickory]]

== See also ==

* [[:Category:Dixie flora]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:Dixie flora| ]]

Making copper boppers

Wilderix — Fri, 28 Sep 2007 21:21:33 GMT

Summary: finished process

You can make simple copper bopper billets for [[knapping]] stone with a few materials gathered from a hardware store.

== Supplies and tools ==
[[Image:Supplies_and_tools.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Supplies and tools needed]]
* '''Supplies'''
** Copper end caps (the kind plumbers use)
** Dowel rods to fit the copper caps
** Lead
** Epoxy (not shown)
* '''Tools'''
** A pan for melting the lead
** A hammer
** A ball-peen hammer for shaping larger caps
** A carriage bolt (and/or screw with a curved head) for shaping smaller caps
** A piece of wood (for shaping smaller caps)
** A table vise (optional) for holding your ball-peen hammer

== Process ==
=== Shape the copper caps ===
In order to get a good striking face on your copper bopper you will need to round out the flat upper surface of the copper end cap.
[[Image:Copper_end_caps.jpg|thumb|left|Before rounding]]
[[Image:Rounded_caps.jpg|thumb|none|After rounding]]
{{-}}

==== Using a ball-peen hammer ====
If you have a hammer with a ball end small enough to fit inside your cap, you can use it to round out the cap. You may find that bracing the hammer in a table vise works well for doing this, but if you do not have a table vise, you can still use a ball-peen hammer to shape the cap as follows:

# Brace the ball-peen hammer by abutting the handle end against a wall while resting the head of the hammer with the flat face down on your work area and the ball end pointing up.[[Image:Abutting_the_ball-peen_hammer.jpg|thumb|none|Abut the hammer handle against a wall]]
# Fit the cap over the ball end of the hammer and rotate the cap over the ball end as necessary as you strike it with your second hammer.[[Image:Rounding_a_copper_cap_on_a_ball-peen_hammer.jpg|thumb|none|Rounding the cap]]
# Continue this process until you have achieved a nice rounded shape with your cap.[[Image:Rounded_1_inch_cap.jpg|thumb|none|Rounded 1 inch cap]]

==== Using a carriage bolt ====
If you don't have a ball-peen hammer that your copper cap will fit over, you can try using a carriage bolt to round out the top of the cap. You will need a carriage bolt that fits inside the copper cap, a hammer, and a piece of wood to hammer against.

# Place the cap, top down, on a piece of wood and fit the carriage bolt, head down, into the cap.[[Image:Carriage bolt.jpg|thumb|none|Use a carriage bolt to round your cap head.]]
# Hammer the carriage bolt down into the cap to push the top of the cap into a dome shape.[[Image:Using_a_carriage_bolt.jpg|thumb|none|Hammer the bolt down against the inside top of the cap.]]
# The carriage bolt will not round out the square edges of the cap as well as a ball-peen hammer, so you will need to hammer the outside edges to beat them into a more rounded shape. Hammer the top edge.[[Image:Rounding_the_top_of_a_cap.jpg|thumb|none|Further rounding on the top of the cap.]]
# And hammer the side edge as necessary to round the curve of the cap better.[[Image:Rounding_the_edge_of_a_cap.jpg|thumb|none|Further rounding on the edge of the cap.]]

=== Fill the caps with lead ===
# You can use fishing weights, tire weights, or buy lead ingots from a hobby store. A cast iron melting pan helps hold heat as you transfer the lead from the fire to pour into the caps, keeping the lead molten during the transfer.[[Image:Lead weights.jpg|thumb|none|Fishing weights for melting]]
# Lead melts at a pretty low temperature. Be sure to melt it in a well-ventilated area--preferably outside--as lead emits highly toxic fumes.[[Image:Melting lead.jpg|thumb|none|Melt the lead in a well-ventilated area.]]
# Place the caps, top down, in a tray of sand. The sand not only holds them in place while you fill them with lead and let them cool, but it also makes cleaning up any spilt lead pretty easy.[[Image:Setting_caps_in_sand.jpg|thumb|none|Place the caps in sand.]]
# Pour the lead into the inverted caps, filling them ⅔ of the way full. Let everything cool completely before you remove the caps from the sand or try to clean up any spilt lead.[[Image:Caps_filled_with_lead.jpg|thumb|none|Fill the caps ⅔ of the way full and let cool.]]

=== Mount the caps on handles ===
The inside diameter of a copper end cap does not match the outside diameter of a dowel rod with the same measurement. If you can find a rod that has a 1/8 inch larger measurement than the cap size, then they should fit well. Otherwise, you will need to whittle down the end of the dowel in order to fit it into the cap.

# The outside diameter of this 3/4" dowel rod does not fit the inside diameter of the 3/4" copper cap. You can use a dowel rod with a 1/8" larger diameter to match the cap's inside diameter instead. For example, use a 1 1/8" dowel for a 1" cap, use a 7/8" dowel for a 3/4" cap, and use a 5/8" dowel for a 1/2" cap.[[Image:Cap_doesnt_fit_dowel.jpg|thumb|none|A 3/4″ dowel rod’s outside diameter does not match the inside diameter of a 3/4″ copper cap.]]
# If you cannot find dowels with a 1/8" larger measurement than your caps, you can use rods with a 1/4" larger size by whittling them down.[[Image:Whittling_the_dowels.jpg|thumb|none|Whittle the ends of a 1/4″ size larger rod for each cap.]]
## Determine the depth of the lead inside the copper cap (i.e., the distance between the lip of the cap and the lead.) This depth indicates far from the end of the dowel rod you will need to whittle.
## Score the dowel to match the depth of the lead in the cap. Make your scoring about 1/8" deep.
## Whittle back from the edge of the dowel to your score mark.
## Taper the handle down to the part of the rod that will fit into the cap, if you wish.
# Fit the caps onto the end of your rod. If you have a really snug fit, you may want to sand the end of the rod in order to make it fit more smoothly.[[Image:Fitting_the_caps_on_the_dowels.jpg|thumb|none|Fit the caps on the ends of the dowel rods.]]
# Coat the end of the rod with 5 minute epoxy (the kind that comes in two parts, that you have to mix together.) Let the epoxy set over night before using your bopper to strike stone.[[Image:Epoxying_caps_onto_dowels.jpg|thumb|none|Coat the whittled ends of the rods with 5 minute epoxy to seal the caps onto their handles.]]

Knapping tools

Wilderix — Fri, 28 Sep 2007 20:37:20 GMT

Summary: genesis

Some debate exists as to the appropriateness of the tools used in [[knapping]]. Some knappers prefer to use only primitive or "abo" tools to best replicate the conditions under which aboriginal knappers worked. However, modern knappers sometimes find it easier to make copper tools in an urban environment. Other knappers appreciate the different results obtainable from different tool materials (stone, antler or copper) and will choose whichever type of tool they think will best benefit their work.

==Primitive Tools==
Indigenous people primarily used stone and antler tools to work stone into tools by means of [[knapping]].

====Hammerstones====
[[image:Hammerstones.JPG|thumb|left|Hammerstones]]Knappers use hammerstones of various sizes and hardness as hard percussion tools generally in the initial stages of spalling, such as when breaking into a nodule for the first time, or in the initial bifacial reduction process. Knappers may also commonly use hammerstones to produce flakes (also called spalls) from which they can then make points. Hammerstones generally produce a flatter flake than antler billets, but a good knapper can produce nearly identical flakes with either hammerstones or billets.{{-}}

====Billets====
[[image:Billets_crop.jpg‎|thumb|left|Billets]]Knappers use the crown end of an antler (the end attached to the skull) as a hammer after rounding with an abrader. Antler billets shown include deer, elk, and moose. Knappers generally use antler billets after the initial hard hammerstone reduction process, when platforms have a more refined shape. Flakes produced generally have a slight curvature. Knappsers use this characteristic to help form a lenticular shaped point.{{-}}

====Pressure Flakers====
[[image:Pressure_flakers_crop.jpg|thumb|left|Pressure Flakers]]Knappers use pressure flaking to set up platforms for percussion and also on the final stages of certain points to impart a sequential flake pattern or to thin smaller points. Pressure flaking produces much smaller than those removed with percussion. Pressure flakers show here include deer and elk tines, some with a leather and wood handle.{{-}}

====Notching Tool====
[[image:Notcher_crop.jpg‎|thumb|left|Notching Tool]]Knappers can use antler notching tools to produce the notches in points in order to haft (wrap with a binding) the point to a shaft in order to make a knife, spear or arrow.{{-}}

==Modern Tools==
According to some, modern copper tools present "an excellent simulation of the antler and soft hammer stones used by the ancients."<ref name="sterling">[http://www.sterlingsculptures.com/Resources_folder/Knapping_folder/Knapping_2.htm ''Ancient Art, Modern Fun''] by Tom Sterling</ref> Examples even exist in the archaeological record of indigenous knappers using tools made from naturally-occurring copper.<ref name="sterling"/>

====Copper boppers====
These soft percussion tools provide a metal counterpart to antler billets. Construction usually consists of a copper cap, often made from plumbing materials, hammered into a rounded shape, filled with lead, and mounted on a wood or metal handle.

: ''See article, [[Making copper boppers]]''

====Copper pressure flakers====
Modern knappers sometimes use these pressure tools as a modern counterpart to "abo" flakers made from antler tines. The business end usually consists of heavy-gauge copper wire like copper ground wire, hammered to hardness, filed to a point, and mounted on a handle.

: ''See article, [[Making copper pressure flakers]]''

[[Category:Tools]]

How to organize a Rewild Camp

Urbanscout — Sun, 16 Sep 2007 19:19:39 GMT

Summary: /* Make Rewild Camps Obsolete */

This page exists as an outline for those who want to run their own rewild camp.

== Don't Spend A Dime ==

The idea behind the rewild camp invovles bringing people together, rendezvous style, without anyone having to pay an entry fee to learn and share skills or network. Every monetary expense can be circumvented using social networks and a little brainstorming. Someone is spending money for the event, you just don't want it to be the organizers or the participants. For example, if you use public bathrooms at a park instead of renting them yourself, the park service is paying for the bathrooms through tax dollars.

Community building barter can also play a role in running a free event. For example, rather than renting someones land, why not offer a day of labor to care-take the land? At the Portland Rewild Camp we had 45 people. Some rendezvous like Rabbitstick draw 400 people. What kinds of work could you do for someones land in one day with 400 people? A lot. Like set up a humanure compost system so you bring soil to their land, and not have to pay for port-a-potties. Get it?

== Things You'll Need ==

=== Rewild Camp Website ===

The first step in running a Rewild Camp involves creating a website for it here. This will help you to direct people to a place where they can get more information on the event than provided in your marketing materials. This service does not cost anything. A '''free''' website helps a lot with marketing your event.

To create a page for your event, search the wiki using the title of your camp. For example "Rewild Camp Portland 2007." When it does not find the page, you will see a text in red that says, "Create this page." You can create the page from there. You will need to register in order to edit the wiki, which you can do first, or when you create the page for your Rewild Camp.

Example Rewild Camp Website:

[[Rewild Camp Pittsburgh 2007]]

[[Rewild Camp Portland 2007]]

=== Basic Location Needs ===
'''Bathrooms'''

If you had to rent land or porta-pottys, you would have to spend lots of money. In Portland, we chose a public park with a shelter, bathroom and water fountain open all day long. We have thought about using our own houses and had people volunteer their houses as well.

'''Water'''

Here again, in Portland we chose a park with a water fountain.

'''Shelter from rain, cold, heat'''

We held the event in Portland during the summer so our only concern was rain, so we chose a park with a shelter and picnic tables.
'''
A large wall to hang the Open Space Marketplace.'''

=== Food ===

Food brings people together. What else do we do as a people but get and prepare food? Can you find free food? Can you organize a potluck for the event? Food is very very important to getting people to stay at the event. Free food is more important.

=== People ===

==== Identify Your Demographic ====

To run a decent Rewild Camp that focuses on creating a community of people who want to survive the collapse, you first need to target people who believe in the collapse of civilization and the undoing of domestication. This may work as the most important part of marketing; reaching the right people.

You must identify groups who probably have members who like to rewild. This includes a wide variety of people; naturalists, permaculturists, college students, trackers, primitive survivalists, ethnobotanists, etc.

Ask yourself, what groups out there have these kinds of people? Search the internet for the organizations. Search the internet for past Rewild (and related) Camps for blog entries, and invite the bloggers if they live nearby. Flip through the phone book. Ask your friends. The more time you spend finding these organizations the more success you will have in attracting people of like mind.

==== Organizations ====

Partnering with an organization can bring in skilled instructors/contributors to the rewild camp. It also works in their favor as a week of free networking and advertising. By coming to the rewild camp and participating, whether teaching a skill or just helping organize it, an organization can expand awareness of their company by promoting their pay-for classes during the week. They can also meet other people with skills that they may hire as instructors. The idea behind rewild camp is social networking, with the theme of rewilding. We want to create social networks of rewilders. The camps are more about connecting people than teaching skills. Skills come easily when a network is in place. The rewild camp offers great marketing and connections for organizations as well as communities.

==== Writing Copy ====

The key to writing copy involves making it attract the demographic that you want to attend the rewild camp. You will use this copy in your press release and your internet marketing and it will also give you an idea of what to say if you make phone calls.

==== Press ====

Local publications can work tremendously for '''free''' marketing. Identify every small and large local publication you can. Go to their websites or look them up in the phone book and write down their addresses and their e-mail addresses.

In order to get their attention you must send them a "Press Release." Basically a page or two of information about your event.

Press Releases need to be both mailed physically, or sent via e-mail. E-mail is free. Mailing is not. You can think of a way around this though, perhaps you could scrap up some free paper and deliver the physical press releases using your bike. Physical Press releases need to be sent out at least 3 weeks before publication. This will vary your timing depending on montly, bi-weekly, weekly papers. Don't forget about news stations! Internet press releases should be sent two weeks before print as a reminder of the physical press release. I have found physical press releases with an internet reminder to be most successful. E-mail only press releases can work, but I have had minimal success with those. If you do only internet, make sure you send the press release twice, 3 weeks in advance, and two weeks in advance on the Rewild Camp.

[[Image:press_release_example.jpg|thumb|none|Press Release Example]]

==== Internet ====

The internet also provides a great place for '''free''' marketing. Identify internet sites such as message groups and bulliten boards that fit your demographic or reach a large enough audience. Myspace groups, meetup groups, Indymedia, Craigslist community board.

==== Phone Calls ====

Call your friends. Call groups you don't know. Call or e-mail experts in your area and invite them.

==== Flyers/Handbills/Posters ====

If you can find a way to make them for free, do it. Like the press release, get them out early... but not too early. Posters will get covered or taken down.

==== Word of Mouth ====

Tell your friends to tell their friends. No other marketing works better than personal recommendations.

==== Partnerships ====

A great way to get instant free marketing is to partner with one or more similar organizations. If you partner with a non-profit you can use their status to get free food donated to you and other supplies. Also, you'll have access to their e-mail and mailing lists.

== Running the Event ==

Open Space Technology...

== Make Rewild Camps Obsolete ==

Rewild Camp serves to create a surge of inspiration and community building. The goal is to create the surge and keep the momentum of rewilding present. Several tools will work for keeping the momentum. Once a community exists, I see no reason to maintain a presence at rewild.info other than cross cultural pollination.

#Create a localized e-mail list or phone tree.
#Have regular Wild Foods Potlucks and rewilding craft nights.
#Have regular foraging and habitat restoration trips.
#Create a local rewilding calendar for people to post these things on. Physical or internet or planned regularly (every other friday, etc)

Noble savage

Jason — Thu, 23 Aug 2007 19:14:17 GMT

Summary: Initial text

The '''noble savage''' stereotype presents [[native]] peoples as morally superior and unblemished by [[civilization]], or humanity in a pure "state of nature."

== Origins of the term ==

Though never actually used by [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], the concept of the "noble savage" seems especially connected to his philosophy. As Rousseau wrote as the first sentence of ''Emile'' (1762):

:“Everything is good in leaving the hands of the Creator of Things; everything degenerates in the hands of man.”

The term comes originally from Marc Lescarbot's 1609 ''Histoire de la Nouvelle France'', when he noted that the [[L’nu]] allowed everyone to hunt freely. In Europe, only the nobility could hunt, leading Lescarbot to note, “the Savages are truly noble.” The term “Noble Savage” first appears in English in John Dryden’s 1672 play, ''The Conquest of Grenada'':

:I am as free as Nature first made man,
:Ere the base laws of servitude began,
:When wild in woods the noble savage ran.

The term then disappeared for nearly two centuries, only resurfacing again in English with the derogatory use of John Crawfurd, president of the Ethnological Society of London, in 1859. Crawfurd and his companion, Dr. Robert Knox, believed in the inherent superiority of the white race, and wanted to turn the Ethnological Society of London into a proper vehicle for further their white supremacist agenda. They used the term "noble savage" in order to lambast others who saw colonialism as a bad thing, rather than as a favor by which superior, civilized, white men shared their civilization with ungrateful and backwards savages. Ter Ellingson makes the argument in his book, ''Myth of the Noble Savage'', that the term "noble savage" came about primarily as a straw man to further a white supremacist agenda.

:In 1859. Hunt and Crawfurd banded together to take over the British Ethnological Society. They attacked the “romantic philanthropists” of the previous generation of liberal ethnologists who had opposed slavery and colonialism and advocated for the wrongs of indigenous peoples, calling their predecessors “romantic philanthropists” and believers in “The Noble Savage”—Crawford, wrote a paper of that name.<ref>John Culpepper [http://www.tpmcafe.com/blog/coffeehouse/2007/feb/21/amnesia_on_the_death_of_reconstruction#comment-210619 23 February 2007]</ref>

== Attributes ==

The idea of the "noble savage" may have served, in part, as an attempt to re-establish the value of indigenous lifestyles and illegitimatize imperial excesses - establishing exotic humans as morally superior in order to counter-balance the perceived political and economic inferiorities.

The attributes of the "noble savage" often included:

* Living in harmony with Nature
* Generosity, fidelity and selflessness
* Innocence
* Inability to lie
* Physical health, disdain of luxury
* Moral courage
* "Natural" intelligence or innate, untutored wisdom

== Criticism ==

Native groups criticize the notion of the noble savage as unrealistic and condescending. Based on stereotypes, even positive ones, it acts as a patronizing kind of racism.

However, as with Crawfurd & Knox, most of the criticism of the "Noble Savage" tends to create a picture even less true than the myth itself. While [[native]] peoples do not act as "noble savage" stereotypes, and remain fully capable of lying or other immorality as any other autonomous, adult human, the various attempts to "debunk" the "Noble Savage" myth tend more often to spread misinformation and paint primitive life as far worse than reality suggests.

== References ==

<references />

== External links ==

* "[http://anthropik.com/2007/05/the-savages-are-truly-noble/ The Savages Are Truly Noble]," by [[User:Jason|Jason Godesky]]
* [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv3-73 ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas";] "Primitivism in the Eighteenth Century".

[[Category:Romantic misconceptions]]

Mountain Man

Jason — Thu, 23 Aug 2007 18:56:10 GMT

Summary: Initial text (mostly from Wikipedia, E-Primed)

The '''Mountain Man''' appears often in [[Romanticism|Romantic]] myths: the lone, grizzled outdoorsman who makes his home alone in the [[wilderness]]. Real mountain men worked as trappers in the [[Empty Quarter|Rocky Mountains]] from about 1810 into the 1840s, and lived mostly in regimented squads with almost military discipline.

== Real mountain men ==

The existence of trappers in the American West in any numbers started with Manuel Lisa in 1807 when he founded the Missouri Fur Company. A major influx of trappers started with the expedition of Ashley's Hundred in 1822. This gave rise to yearly trapping expeditions with the trappers leaving St. Louis with supplies, returning with pelts which they used to pay off debts and traded for supplies, gunpowder and shot, whiskey and other necessities.

An approximate 3,000 men ranged the mountains in the window between 1820 and 1840, the peak beaver harvesting period. While some free trappers existed, most mountain men found employment fur companies. The life of a company man seemed almost militarized. The men had mess groups, hunted and trapped in brigades and always reported to the head of the trapping party. They called this man a "boosway", a bastardization of the term ''bourgeois''. He acted as the leader of the brigade, the head trader and overall CEO.

In 1824, the rendezvous system began. Companies would haul supplies to specific mountain locations in the spring, engage in trading with trappers, and bring pelts back to communities on the Missouri and Mississippi rivers in the fall. Major William Henry Ashley started this system through the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. He sold this business to the outfit of Smith, Jackson and Sublette, while still making a profit by selling that firm their supplies. This system continued when other firms, particularly the American Fur Company, entered the field.

A second trading and supply center grew up in Taos, inside the boundaries of modern New Mexico. This trade attracted, besides Anglo Americans, a large number of French Americans from Louisiana and some French Canadian trappers. Some New Mexicans also pursued the beaver trade, as Mexican citizens initially had some legal advantages. Trappers and traders in the Southwest covered territory that was generally inaccessable to the large fur companies, including New Mexico, Nevada, California and central and southern Utah.

Making beaver hats required beaver pelts, and beaver hats enjoyed some popularity in England. Fashions changed in the early 1840s, making beaver less valuable at the same time that they became harder to find due to over trapping. The opening of the Oregon Trail and the use of the Mormon Trail provided trappers who wished to stay in the West opportunities for employment as guides and hunters.

We depict the stereotypical mountain man as dressed in animal pelts, sporting bushy facial hair and carrying a Hawken rifle and Bowie knife, commonly referred to as a "scalpin' knife." We have romanticized them as honorable men with their own chivalrous code, loners who would help their brethren but who had found their home in the wild. Some mountain men acted gruff, while others acted well-mannered, some kept up their lifestyle while others retired as businessmen in eastern communities or established themselves as farmers in the west.

Most trappers traveled and worked in companies and their dress combined woolen hats and cloaks with servicable Indian style leather breeches and shirts. Mountain men often wore moccasins, but generally carried a pair of heavy boots. Each mountain man also carried basic gear, which could include arms, powder horns and a shot pouch, knives and hatchets, canteens, cooking utensils, and supplies of tobacco, coffee, salt and pemmican. Horses or mules seemed essential, a riding horse for each man and at least one for carrying supplies and furs.

With the exception of coffee, food supplies duplicated the diet of native tribes in various locations. Fresh red meat, fowl, and fish seemed generally available. Some plant foods, such as fruit and berries, seemed easy for the men to harvest. But foods which required time for preparation, such as roots, dried meat and pemmican, they could generally obtain from tribes through trading. However, in times of crisis and bad weather, mountain men sometimes slaughtered and ate their horses and mules.

Though they sometimes lived apart from other people, mountain men nonetheless relied heavily on society to survive. They had to come back to town to trade for necessary supplies regularly, and had to rely on others for food and most of their needs. The "solitary mountain man" survived only because of his dependence on the rest of society.

== Examples ==

* Jim Bridger (1804 - 1881) came west in 1822 at the age of 17, as a member of Ashley's Hundred exploring the Upper Missouri drainage. He became one of the first non-natives to see the geysers and other natural wonders of the Yellowstone region. He also became one of the first men of European descent, along with Étienne Provost, to see the Great Salt Lake. Due to its salinity, for a time he believed it an arm of the Pacific Ocean. In 1830, Bridger purchased shares in the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, working in competition with the Hudson Bay Company and John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company. He established Fort Bridger in southwestern Wyoming. He had a reputation as a well known teller of tall tales.
* John "Liver-Eating" Johnston or Johnson. roamed Wyoming and Montana, gathering in beaver, buffalo and wolf hides. Johnston lived as a free trapper, unaffiliated with a company and charging what he wanted for the hides he worked to secure. Elements of his story entered into the hit movie, ''Jeremiah Johnson''.
* Jedediah Smith (1799 - circa 1831) lived as a hunter, trapper, and fur trader whose explorations became significant in opening the American West to expansion by white settlers. We generally consider Smith the first man of European descent to cross the future state of Nevada, the first to traverse Utah from north to south and from west to east; and the first American to enter California by an overland route. He also became first to scale the High Sierras and explore the area from San Diego to the banks of the Columbia River. He also became a successful businessman, becoming a full partner in the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, after the departure of Ashley.
* Daniel Boone (1734-1820) lived in Pennsylvania util 1750, when he moved with his family to North Carolina where he took "long hunts" (generally started in autumn with a spring return). In 1773, he moved to Kentucky as part of a new settlement along with around 50 other emigrants, including his family. He moved back to North Carolina before the end of the year. In 1775, he moved back to Kentucky and established the settlement of Boonesborough. In 1780, he founded Boone's Station, Kentucky, and eventually became a representative to the Virginia General Assembly and a sheriff of Fayette County. He moved around Kentucky and eventually to Missouri, where he died. During his life, he spent a grand total of less than two years alone in the wilderness, spread out over his entire life.
* Simon Kenton (b. 1755) explored the Ohio River with two other trappers, and participated in conflicts against the [[Shawnee]]. By 1780, he married, and at no point later made any significant forays.
* John Colter (b. 1774) joined Lewis & Clark on their expedition, and recieved an honorable discharge to join two trappers heading up the Missouri River. In 1807, Colter did begin his trek back to civilization alone, but then joined a group heading into the Rockies, and explored Yellowstone and the Grand Teton Mountains alone. In 1808, he traveled back to Montana and lived with John Potts. In all, Colter spent approximately two years of his life, total, alone in the "wilderness."

== Fictional mountain men ==

* Grizzly Adams

== See also ==

* [[Noble savage]]

== External links ==
* [http://mtmen.org/index.html Mountain Men and the Fur Trade: Sources of the History of the Fur Trade of the Rocky Mountain West] <br>
* [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/HNS/Mtmen/home.html Mountain Men: Pathfinders of the West 1810-1860] <br>
* [http://www.over-land.com/westpers3.html Mountain Men: The Overland Trail Links]

[[Category:Romantic misconceptions]]

Cascadia (bioregion)

Urbanscout — Tue, 21 Aug 2007 23:36:27 GMT

Summary: /* Ecology */

[[Image:Cascadia.jpeg|thumb|right]]
'''Cascadia''' refers to the bioregion (or watershed) most commonly called the Pacific Northwest.

== Ecology ==

:''For main article, see [[Cascadian ecology]]''

=== Cascadian flora ===

:''For main article, see [[Cascadian flora]]''

=== Cascadian fauna ===

:''For main article, see [[Cascadian fauna]]''

== Cultures ==

:''For main article, see [[Cascadian cultures]]''

=== Native cultures ===

:''For main article, see [[Native Cascadian cultures]]''

=== Invasive cultures ===

:''For main article, see [[Invasive Cascadian cultures]]''

=== Feral Cultures ===

:''For main article, see [[Feral Cascadian cultures]]''

== See Also ==

== External Links ==

[[Category:Cascadia]]

Rewilding language

Jason — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 17:29:36 GMT

Summary: Add commented out outline

'''Rewilding language''' involves using language to ground us in our senses, and to rehabilitate the cognitive patterns created by [[literacy|writing]].



{{stub}}
[[Category:Rewilding language| ]]

Oral tradition

Jason — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 16:49:38 GMT

Summary: Stub

An '''oral tradition''' refers to a system of [[orality|oral]] tales, stories, epics and storytelling practices, usually as practiced by an [[oral culture|oral]], [[old growth culture|old growth]] [[culture]].

{{stub}}
[[Category:Orality]]

Plant kingdom

Jason — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 16:47:44 GMT

Summary: Stub

The '''plant [[kingdom]]''' provides a [[science|scientific]] classification of [[plant]]s.

{{stub}}
[[Category:Plant kingdom| ]]

Feral

Jason — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 16:29:05 GMT

Summary: /* Feral humans */

'''Feral''' describes [[life]] that has experienced [[domestication]], but has since reverted to a more [[wild]] state.

== Definitions ==

The English word "feral" comes from the Latin ''fera'', meaning "a wild beast." The Latin ''feralis'', meaning "belonging to the dead" (as in funeral) does not share an etymological connection, except coincidentally.

==Variables==

* '''Susceptibility''' Certain species go feral easily and successfully, while others remain much less inclined to spread and usually fail promptly outside domestication.
* '''Degree''' Some species will detach readily from humans and pursue their own devices, but do not stray far or spread readily. Others depart and leave, seeking out new territory or range to exploit and displaying active [[invasive species|invasiveness]].
* '''Persistance''' Whether they leave readily and venture far, the ultimate criterion for success remains longevity. Persistence depends on their ability to establish themselves and reproduce reliably in the new environment.
* '''Tenure of domesticaton''' Neither the duration nor the intensity with which a species has experienced domesticated offers a useful correlation with its feral potential.

== Examples of feral animals ==

{{E-prime}}

*The [[goat]], one of the oldest domesticated creatures, readily goes feral and does quite well on its own.
*The [[dromedary camel]], which has been domesticated for well over 3,000 years, will also readily go feral. A substantial population of feral dromedaries, descended from pack animals that escaped in the 19th and early 20th centuries, thrives in the [[Australia]]n interior today.
* Also in [[Australia]], the introduction of [[rabbit]]s for sport led to an explosive growth in population, and rabbits are now a major pest in Australia.
*The [[cat]] returns readily to a feral state if it has not been socialized properly in its young life. These cats, especially if left to proliferate, frequently experience identification as pests in populated neighborhoods, and many blame them for devastating the [[bird]] and [[rodent]] populations, and digging up people's gardens. Some call local populations of feral cats who live in an urban area and use a common food source, feral cat colonies. As feral cats multiply quickly, difficulty arises in controling their populations. Animal shelters attempt to adopt out feral cats, especially kittens, but often are overwhelmed with sheer numbers and euthanasia is used. In rural areas, humans reduce excessive numbers of feral cats by simply shooting them. More recently, the "Trap-Neuter-Return" method has been used in many locations as an alternate means of managing the feral cat population.
*[[Sheep]], although close contemporaries and cohorts of goats in the history of domestication, makes itself quite vulnerable to predation and injury, and thus rarely if ever encountered in a feral state.
*Humans have domesticated [[Cattle]] since the [[neolithic]] era, but can do well enough on open range for months or even years with little or no supervision. Their ancestors, the [[Aurochs]] displayed great ferocity, on par with the modern [[Cape Buffalo]]. Modern cattle, especially those raised on open range, generally make more docile indeviduals, but when threatened can display aggression. Although humans often raise cattle, particularly those raised for beef, by allowing them to roam quite freely, they failed to establish long term independence, with, arguably the possible exception of the Longhorn and Brahman breeds, which have small populations of semi-feral animals roaming the southwestern United States and northern [[Mexico]] that, while technically owned by someone, have never actually been caught. Some occasionally call such cattle Mavericks. However, most cattle, however untamed, are generally too valuable for the owner not to eventually rounded up and recover them.
*[[Horse]]s and [[donkey]]s, domesticated about 5000 B.C., turn to a feral nature in open grasslands worldwide. In Spain, feral horses are called Sorraia, in [[Australia]], they are called Brumbies, in the American west, they are called Mustangs. Other isolated feral populations exist, including the Chincoteague Pony and the Banker Horse. While often referred to as "wild horses," this recieves misnomer status. There live truly "wild" horses that have never been tamed, most notably Przewalski's Horse. While the horse was originally indigenous to North America, the wild ancestor died out at the end of the last [[Ice Age]]. In both Australia and the Americas, modern "wild" horses descended from domesticated horses brought by European explorers and settlers that escaped, spread, and thrived.
*The [[pig]] or hog was early brought to eastern North America by Hernando de Soto [http://msucares.com/news/print/fwnews/fw03/030908hoghunt.html], and escapees thrived, quickly becoming a prized prey for [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] hunters. The original population has since been augmented by free-ranged pigs allowed to run loose by pioneers and settlers. Across the Southern and Midwestern regions of the United States there are multiple highly tenacious populations descendant from escapees, mixed in places with released wild European swine. They have been hunted, shot on sight, tracked with dogs, trapped and even poisoned. Likewise in Europe, the French harvest about 10,000 swine per year as wild game (also possibly mixed wild-feral), and recently a large city park within urban Paris was disrupted and closed for months while wildlife officials struggled to evict, shoot or trap a boar that had claimed the refuge as its own.
*[[Pigeon]]s were formerly kept for their meat.
* [[Dog]]s can revert to wildness, becoming predators little less effective than the big cats of like size. In [[Antarctica]], dogs abandoned at the end of explorations survived by preying upon penguins. Feral dogs often lack the fear of humans that wild [[wolf|wolves]] show; their cunning, power, size, strength, and agility make them destructive of livestock and dangerous to humans. Feral dogs also played a key role in the extinction of the [[lion]] in [[Europe]].
* Colonies of [[Western honey bee|honey bees]] often escape into the wild from managed apiaries when they [[swarming (honey bee)|swarm]]; their behavior, however, is no different from their behavior "in captivity", until and unless they breed with other feral honey bees of a different genetic stock, which may lead them to become more docile or more aggressive.

== Feral animals & invasive species ==

When animals first go feral, they often act as [[invasive species]], because they generally escape into ecologies different from those where their [[wild]] ancestors originally lived when their experience of [[domestication]] began.

=== Feral humans ===

[[Rewild]]ing would make [[human]]s into feral animals, as well. This would imply the possibility of an initial phase as an [[invasive species]], like most other feral animals, with [[new growth culture|new growth]] [[culture]]s, rather than [[old growth culture]]s. Such deficits can only find resolution in time.
Some contend that some populations of humans have undergone feralization in the past. Examples of this include some Uto-Aztecan speakers of southern California (Luiseño and Juaneño), who historically were a hunter/gatherer people, though they are decended from famous civilization builders and are related to the still extant Aztec and Hopi, who built large civilizations and had/have many domesticated plants and some animals. Their neighbors to the east, the Cahuilla, Mojave and others, are also close relations who were primarily farmers or horticulturalists.

==Feral Plants==

Numerous plants have undergone feralization in places around the world. As with animals, plants that escape cultivation (not usually literally, as most plants do not change location, but through seed dispersal and vegetative reproduction) often become weeds, though this is not universal and varies in a continuum of invasiveness, primarily based on ease of reproduction and damage caused to plants (by outcompeting for nutrients or space), animals (through poisening or diminishing of native plants for browsing), or by causing erosion, through shallower or weaker roots than native species. Examples of feral plants include:
*[[Mustard]]: various species in the genus Brassica redily feralize and have become highly invasive in many areas. Legend has it that in the first expedition of Spanish padres into upper California, the padres would scatter mustard seed as they went, to mark a living trail for the return journey.
*[[Artichoke]], also called the cardoon (wild or feral form called the artichoke thistle) , occationally reverts to its wild form, even in heavy cultivation. Early European settlement introduced this plant into California and it has been one of the most destructive plants in some areas, leaving whole hillsides as a bed of dry thorns with dry, thorny stems evenly spaced about 2 1/2 feet apart during all seasons except spring. The spines of this plant regularly pierce even thick leather and each plant grows back from a very large taproot, making this plant exceptionally difficult to control.
*[[Fig]]: the domesticated fig undergoes feralization reletively easily, provided it can get enough water and little to no frost.

== See also ==

* [[Wild]]
* [[Domestication]]
*[[Rewild]]

[[Category:Rewilding concepts]]

Wild

Jason — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 16:14:57 GMT

Summary: Initial text

'''Wild''' describes untamed, [[domestication|undomesticated]] [[life]].

== Wild humans ==

Like all other [[animal]]s, humans also evolved in the wild. Wild humans developed [[old growth culture|old growth]] [[culture]]s prior to [[human domestication|domestication]].

=== Wildness in political philosophy ===

:''For main article, see [[State of Nature]]''

The concept of a state of nature was first posited by the 17th century English philosopher [[Thomas Hobbes]] in ''[[Leviathan]]''. Hobbes described the concept in the Latin phrase ''bellum omnium contra omnes'', meaning "the war of all against all." In this state any person has a natural right to do anything to preserve their own liberty or safety. Famously, he believed that such a condition would lead to a "war of every man against every man" and make life "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

[[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] challenged Hobbes's view in the eighteenth century, claiming that Hobbes took socialized (what we might call [[human domestication|domesticated]] persons and simply imagined them living outside of the society they grew up in. He affirmed instead that people had neither a good nor bad innate nature; men knew neither vice nor virtue since they had almost no dealings with each other. Their bad habits arose from [[civilization]] specifically social [[hierarchy|hierarchies]], [[private property|property]], and [[market economy|market]]s. Another criticism put forth by [[Karl Marx]] pointed to his concept of species-being, or the unique potential of humans for dynamic, creative, and cooperative relations between each other. For Marx and others in his line of critical theory, [[alienation|alienated]] and [[abstraction|abstracted]] social relations prevent the fulfillment of this potential (see [[anomie]]).

[[David Hume]]'s view brings together and challenges the theories of Rousseau and Hobbes. He posits that in the natural state we have a wicked and evil nature because of, for instance, the cry of the baby that demands attention. Like Rousseau, he believes that society shapes us, but that we possess an innate evil and it is up to society to shape us into who we become.

Though all of these views remain popular in civilized imagination, none of them have held up to scrutiny in light of more recent anthropological and ethnographic evidence.

=== Wildness in human psychology ===

:''For main article, see [[Ecopsychology]]''

The basic idea of ecopsychology says that while the modern social world shapes the human mind, it still needs the inspiration and comfort of the [[more-than-human world]], because that remains the arena in which it originally evolved. We cannot understand mental health or unhealth in the narrow context of only intrapsychic phenomena or social relations. One also has to include the relationship of humans to other species and ecosystems. These relations have a deep evolutionary history; reach a natural affinity within the structure of their brains and they have deep psychic significance in the present time, in spite of urbanization. Humans remain dependent on healthy nature not only for their physical sustenance, but for mental health, too. The destruction of ecosystems means that something in humans also dies.

== See also ==

* [[Wilderness]]
* [[Domestication]]
* [[Feral]]
* [[Rewild]]

[[Category:Rewilding concepts]]

Rewild

Jason — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 15:57:04 GMT

Summary: Use templates

To '''rewild''' means to try to return to a [[wild]] state, to go [[feral]], or to try to reverse the process of [[domestication]]. The term particularly refers to reversing [[human domestication]], and creating [[new growth culture|new growth]], [[feral]] [[culture]]s for [[human]]s, but it can refer equally to reversing the domestication of other [[plant]]s and [[animal]]s.

== Wild or feral? ==

Opinions differ among rewilders as to whether rewilding properly aims to make humans [[wild]], or [[feral]]. Proponents of returning to a [[wild]] state point to a definition of [[wild]] congruent with ideas about [[old growth culture]]s, while proponents of creating a new, [[feral]] culture stress the creative synthesis the project requires. In either case, the differences appear fairly nuanced.<ref>"[http://www.rewild.info/conversations/index.php?topic=318.0 Feral vs. Wild]" thread on REWILD.info Forums</ref>

== Thoughts on rewilding as a process ==

=== As a verb ===

:The term "rewild" acts as a verb which implies an action, a motion. It does not symbolize point A (Civilized) or point B (Wild) but the space between. As a verb, it symbolizes a process of undoing domestication, not the endpoint. It may look like a woman breast-feeding her child. It may look like a group of people collecting wild edibles. It may look like someone turning off their TV for an hour a day. It may look like hanging out with your friends. It may look like refusing to pay rent or buy food. It may look like killing a deer for the first time, using a rifle. And it may look like using a bow & arrow. It may look like reading a book and changing the way you see Civilization. It may look like refusing to send your children to school. It may look like stealing from the cash register at your wage slave job. It may look like tearing up the streets with a sledge-hammer to plant crops. It may look like investing in "green" technology. It may look like taking down civilization. It may look like frustration at the current state of the world. Everyone has various comfort zones, social networks or friends who can show them things. Rewilding does not exist just for the small elite class of purists who band together and head for the woods to live a 100% primitive life. It serves as an umbrella term for all those who strive to undomesticate themselves, even if only in the smallest way they can.

=== As a life project ===

:For most green/anti-civilization/primitivist anarchists, rewilding and reconnecting with the earth is a life project. It is not limited to intellectual comprehension or the practice of primitive skills, but instead, it is a deep understanding of the pervasive ways in which we are domesticated, fractured, and dislocated from our selves, each other, and the world, and the enormous and daily undertaking to be whole again. Rewilding has a physical component which involves reclaiming skills and developing methods for a sustainable co-existence, including how to feed, shelter, and heal ourselves with the plants, animals, and materials occurring naturally in our bioregion. It also includes the dismantling of the physical manifestations, apparatus, and infrastructure of civilization. Rewilding has an emotional component, which involves healing ourselves and each other from the 10,000 year-old wounds which run deep, learning how to live together in non-hierarchical and non-oppressive communities, and deconstructing the domesticating mindset in our social patterns. Rewilding involves prioritizing direct experience and passion over mediation and alienation, re-thinking every dynamic and aspect of our reality, connecting with our feral fury to defend our lives and to fight for a liberated existence, developing more trust in our intuition and being more connected to our instincts, and regaining the balance that has been virtually destroyed after thousands of years of patriarchal control and domestication. Rewilding is the process of becoming uncivilized.<ref>"[http://www.greenanarchy.info/rewild.php Rewilding]," ''[http://www.greenanarchy.info/ Green Anarchy Info/Shop]''</ref>

{{Rewilding topics}}

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Wild]]
* [[Feral]]
* [[Domestication]]
* [[:Category:Rewilding humans]]

== External links ==

* [http://www.greenanarchy.info/GA16_rewilding.pdf Green Anarchy Back to Basics #3: Rewilding]
* "[http://anthropik.com/2007/07/rewilding-humans/ Rewilding Humans]" by [[User:Jason|Jason Godesky]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewilding Wikipedia entry]
* [http://www.greenanarchy.info/rewild.php Green Anarchy Info/Shop page on "Rewilding"] (quoted above)

[[Category:Rewilding concepts| ]]

Class Magnoliopsida

Jason — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 14:38:38 GMT

Summary: Fix category

'''[[Class]] Magnoliopsida''' organizes dicotyledons, or "dicots," [[flower]]ing [[plant]]s with seeds divided into two embryonic leaves, or cotyledons. This class belongs to [[Division]] [[Division Magnoliophyta‎|Magnoliophyta‎]].

== See also ==

* [[:Category:Class Magnoliopsida]]

{{stub}}
[[Category:Class Magnoliopsida| ]]

Division Magnoliophyta

Jason — Tue, 14 Aug 2007 23:33:15 GMT

Summary: See also

'''[[Division]] Magnoliophya''' classifies [[flower]]ing [[plant]]s.

== See also ==

* [[:Category:Division Magnoliophyta]]

{{stub}}
[[Category:Division Magnoliophyta| ]]

Lemon balm

Urbanscout — Tue, 14 Aug 2007 23:15:53 GMT

Summary: e-priming and formatting

{{tabs}}{{Taxonomy
|Image=lemonbalm.jpg
|CommonName=Lemon balm
|Kingdom=Plant
|Division=Magnoliophyta
|Class=Magnoliopsida
|Order=Lamiales
|Family=Lamiaceae
|Genus=Melissa
|Species=officinalis
}}
== Introduction ==

Lemon balm (''Melissa officinalis''), distinct from [[bee balm]] ([[Genus Monarda|''Monarda'']] species), grows as a [[perennial]] herb in the [[mint]] family ([[Family Lamiaceae|''Lamiaceae'']]), native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region.

== Description ==
=== Identification ===
Lemon balm grows from <unit>70 cm!</unit> to <unit>150 cm!</unit> tall. The leaves have a slight lemon scent, related to mint. In late summer, small white flowers full of nectar appear. These attract bees, which led to the generic name ''Melissa'' (Greek for 'honey bee'). Its scent and flavor come from the terpenes citronellal, citronellol, citral, and geraniol.

=== Origin, Distribution, Habitat, and Life Cycle ===
==== Origin ====
Native to Southern Europe and Northern Africa and cultivated for over 2000 years. .

==== Distribution ====
Everywhere.

==== Habitat ====
Lemon Balm grows in clumps and spreads vegetatively and by seed. In mild temperate zones, the stems of the plant die off at the start of the winter, but shoot up again in spring. It can easily grow from stem cuttings rooted in water, or from seeds. Under ideal conditions, it will seed itself prolifically and can become a nuisance in gardens.

==== Phenology ====
: '''<small>[[Phenology|<nowiki>[</nowiki>''Learn more about phenology''<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]</small>'''
It flowers in late summer.

=== Common Names ===
# Balm mint
# bee herb
# Sweet balm
# Garden balm
# Honey plant
# Melissa

== Uses ==
=== Edible ===
==== Edible Properties ====

==== Edible Uses ====
You can use Lemon balm as a flavouring in tisane and ice cream, but most folks commonly use it to make herbal teas. It makes a particularly refreshing iced tea, especially when mixed with other herbs such as [[spearmint]]. You may pair it with fruit dishes or candies. People have used the leaves to add flavor and medicinal properties to wine.

=== Medicinal ===
==== Medicinal Properties ====
antibacterial, antiviral, sedative, repellant

==== Medicinal Uses ====

Tea or Tincture

Use lemon balm medicinally as a herbal tea, or in extract form. Lemon balm also contains eugenol, which calms muscle spasms, numbs tissues, and kills bacteria. lemon balm leaves contain plant chemicals called terpenes, which play at least some role in the herb's relaxing and antiviral effects. Some claim it has antibacterial, antiviral properties, and also use it as a mild sedative or calming agent. You can use the crushed leaves, when rubbed on the skin, as a repellant for mosquitos. Lemon balm essential oil maintains a lot of popularity in aromatherapy. Many commonly co-distille the essential oil with lemon oil, citronella oil, or other oils.

Some studies suggest that topical ointments containing lemon balm may help heal lip sores associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV). In one study of 116 people with HSV, those who applied lemon balm cream to their lip sores experienced significant improvement in redness and swelling after only 2 days. Other symptoms, such as pain and scabbing, did not improve. Both the patients and their doctors reported a high degree of effectiveness with the lemon balm ointment. Several animal studies also support the value of topical lemon balm for herpes lesions.

Although scientist have conducted few rigorous studies on lemon balm, many health care professionals suggest that this herb benefits a variety of health problems, including Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, indigestion, gas, insomnia, and hyperthyroidism. Experimental laboratory studies also suggest that lemon balm has antioxidant and anti-HIV properties, but scientists need further studies to confirm these findings.

=== Practical ===
==== Practical Use Types ====


==== Practical Uses ====


== Lore ==
Lemon balm has a long history as a healing herb which includes usage in a drink that ensured longevity. The branches were strewn on floors to freshen a room, as mentioned by Shakespeare in "The Merry Wives of Windsor".

The Arabs introduced it as medicinal herb, a tea for anxiety and depression. People throughout France still know Melissa tea as a remedy for fatigue and headaches. Melissa derives its name from the Greek for honeybee. The leaves, rubbed onto beehives, prevent swarming and encourage the bees to return to the hives. The Greek physician Dioscorides wrote about people using it for scorpions stings and insect and dog bites.

The word "balm" comes aobut as an abbreviation of "balsam", the chief of sweet-smelling oils. It obtains its name from its honeyed sweetness. Paracelsus highly esteemed it and believed it would completely revivify a man. It was formerly esteemed of great use in all complaints supposed to proceed from a disordered state of the nervous system. The London Dispensary (1696) says: "An essence of Balm, given in Canary wine, every morning will renew youth, strengthen the brain, relieve languishing nature and prevent baldness." John Evelyn wrote: "Balm is sovereign for the brain, strengthening the memory and powerfully chasing away melancholy." Balm steeped in wine we are told again, 'comforts the heart and driveth away melancholy and sadness.' Formerly a spirit of Balm, combined with lemon-peel, nutmeg and angelica root, enjoyed a great reputation under the name of Carmelite water, being deemed highly useful against nervous headache and neuralgic affections.

Many virtues were formerly ascribed to this plant. Gerard says: 'It is profitably planted where bees are kept. The hives of bees being rubbed with the leaves of bawme, causeth the bees to keep together, and causeth others to come with them.' And again quoting Pliny, 'When they are strayed away, they do find their way home by it.' Pliny says: 'It is of so great virtue that though it be but tied to his sword that hath given the wound it stauncheth the blood.' Gerard also tells us: 'The juice of Balm glueth together greene wounds,' and gives the opinion of Pliny and Dioscorides that 'Balm, being leaves steeped in wine, and the wine drunk, and the leaves applied externally, were considered to be a certain cure for the bites of venomous beasts and the stings of scorpions. It is now recognized as a scientific fact that the balsamic oils of aromatic plants make excellent surgical dressings: they give off ozone and thus exercise anti-putrescent effects. Being chemical hydrocarbons, they contain so little oxygen that in wounds dressed with the fixed balsamic herbal oils, the atomic germs of disease are starved out, and the resinous parts of these balsamic oils, as they dry upon the sore or wound, seal it up and effectually exclude all noxious air.

== Gallery ==


== Disclaimer ==
{{disclaimer}}

== Sources ==
''Attribution''
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_balm
* http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/lemon-balm-000261.htm
* http://www.theepicentre.com/Spices/lemonbalm.html
* http://health.howstuffworks.com/lemon-balm-herbal-remedies.htm
* http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/balm--02.html

''References''

<references/>

[[Category:Longhouse flora]]

Clarion River

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 20:43:01 GMT

Summary: Initial text from Wikipedia

The '''Clarion River''' flows into the [[Allegheny River]]; it flows for approximately 110 mi (177 km) in west central Pennsylvania, in the [[Longhouse (bioregion)|Longhouse bioregion]]. It drains a mountainous area of the [[Allegheny Plateau]] in the [[Ohio River]] watershed, flowing through narrow serpentine [[valley]]s and hardwood [[forest]]s.

==Description==

The Clarion River forms at Johnsonburg in central Elk County (named for the reintroduced elk herd) by the confluence of its East and West Branches. The East Branch, approximately 15 mi (24 km) long, rises in northeastern Elk County and flows southwest through [[East Branch Clarion River Lake]] to join the West Branch. The river flows generally WSW across western Pennsylvania in a tight [[meander]]ing course past the towns of Ridgway and Clarion. It joins the Allegheny from the east in eastern Clarion County approximately 5 mi (8 km) south of Emlenton.

In 1996 the United States Congress designated approximately 52 mi (83 km) of the upper river as the '''Clarion Wild and Scenic River''' as part of the National Wild and Scenic River program.

== History ==

Before 1817, settlers called the Clarion River "Tobeco," likely a corruption of ''Tuppeek-hanne'', a [[native]] [[Native placenames|name]] meaning "the alder stream." Settlers called it the Toby or Stump Creek as early as 1809. Surveyor Daniel Stanard gave the river the name Clarion in 1817, when he said the water sounded like a distant clarion.<ref>Clarion County Historical Society, ''Walking Among Our Ancestors: Book One: Ashland Township'', Mechling Bookbindery (2003) [[ISBN 0974465739]]</ref>

At the end of the nineteenth century and into the beginning of the twentieth century, much of what became the [[Allegheny National Forest]] and surrounding areas suffered massive deforestation, in part to make way for the oil boom that followed Edwin Drake's discovery of oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania on August 27, 1859, but even more importantly, for wood chemicals.<ref>"[http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/forests/allegheny/about/history/ History of the Allegheny National Forest]," [[United States Forest Service]]</ref> Bark came in especially high demand for local [[tanning|tanneries]] that produced prodigious amounts of leather. This deforestation significantly degraded the watershed of the upper Allegheny in general, leading to floods downstream (particularly in Pittsburgh), and eventually to the declaration of the national forest in 1923. In the case of the Clarion River, run-off from tanneries became the major problem. Acid mine drainage made it even worse.<ref>Yasser Ayad, "[http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/1104/tobycreek.html Prioritizing Acid Mine Drainage Stream Remediation]"</ref> The Clarion became important part of the timber industry, allowing timber to float downstream to the Allegheny, then the Ohio, and ultimately the Mississippi. The Clarion River became Pennsylvania's most polluted waterway.

The regrowth of the forest did much to help restore the Clarion River, as well as a major cleaning effort in the 1980s. Today, the river has become popular for fishing, canoeing, and other recreational activities<ref>Jessica Coil, "[http://www.fishandboat.com/anglerboater/2005/04julaug/spec2clarion.pdf 100 Miles of Superb Paddling]," ''Pensylvania Angler & Boater'', [[July]]-[[August]] [[2005]]</ref>, and runs through extensive wildlife and forest areas, including a 4,241 acre inventoried roadless area that has been proposed as a national wilderness area.<ref>''[http://www.pawild.org/pdfs/CitizensWildProp.pdf A Citizens' Wilderness Proposal for Pennsylvania's Allegheny National Forest]'', [http://pawild.org Friends of Allegheny Wilderness]</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.rivers.gov/wsr-clarion.html Clarion Wild and Scenic River]
*[http://www.allegheny-online.com/riverroad.html Allegheny Online Magazine: Clarion River Road Tour]

[[Category:Allegheny River]]

Teaching Drum

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 20:26:38 GMT

Summary: /* Accounts from "Yearlong" Graduates */

{{E-prime}}

The '''Teaching Drum''' describes itself as a native lifeway school that offers courses in outdoor skills, conduct experiments in living archaeology and publishes books on native lifeways. The school has two parts: the outdoor classroom, and the community and administrative center. The Teaching Drum offers a fairly unique "yearlong," full immersion program.

== The School ==

The Teaching Drum describes its curriculum in the following terms:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #888; margin: 1em; padding: 1em;">We have created a unique living-learning center where nearly lost ancient skills can be learned as they were actually practiced: in a wilderness setting. Students are not only using the wilderness as their classroom, but also as their home, where they can experience and apply these skills to their daily lives.

This kind of experiential learning is important because the student can attain a more complete understanding of a skill when it is applied to the daily challenges of life and put into its correct context: a forest-dwelling community. For example, a student could effectively learn anywhere how to tan a hide in a few days, but wouldn't experience the preserving, washing, and repairing needed to maintain it as a functional piece of clothing.

Even though we believe that skills are important to learn, our primary emphasis is on learning Awareness and Attunement. They are the craft; skills are the tools. The craft must be known in order to effectively and properly use the tools. Skills can be learned easily anywhere, and are being adequately taught by many. Precious few schools are devoting the time and dedication it takes to share the ways of Awareness and Attunement.

Our focus is not stress-challenge (man against nature) or "leadership" training, nor do we use Gore-Tex or freeze-dried foods or camp stoves. This is one of those rare places where you can dwell in communion with The Earth Mother - stay in an authentic Native lodge, eat real food cooked on an open fire, and learn how to accept, rather than take, The Mother's gifts.

No prior outdoor experience is required. If there is any requirement it is to come in honor, and with a thirst and an empty bowl.</div>

== Territory ==

Nishnajida (Algonquian for "Camp where the Old Way returns") is a re-creation of a traditional Northern Forest camp, and is the heart of the Teaching Drum. It consists of a small cluster of bark and thatch lodges under Pine and Birch near the shores of a quiet lake, which sits on an eighty acre preserve adjacent to the Headwaters Wilderness, a roadless expanse of forest, bog, and beaver pond. The Teaching Drum offers a yearlong Wilderness Guide Program here, which is the main focus of the school.

Community skills learned and practiced range from foraging lodge materials, building and repairing wigwams, carving a bowl and spoon, tanning buckskins, foraging wild food, and cooking and heating with open fires. Individual pursuits are also strongly encouraged.

=== Camp life ===

Life at Nishnajida is described as "emphatically primitive but not necessarily challenging." Meals are simple one-pot affairs to keep with the surroundings and not detract from our focus. Teaching Drum students eat a very simple diet of mostly local organic fruit and vegetables, and foraged greens and nuts, along with exclusively wild meat & fish. Everyone participates in camp chores. The Teaching Drum provides a Tobacco, Alcohol, Drug (incl. Caffeine), Firearms, Pet, and Garden-free environment.

== Members ==

=== Tamarack Song ===

:''For main article, see [[Tamarack Song]]''

Tamarack Song claims membership in the Owl Clan, and that he was mentored by a Canadian Metis woman named She Who Talks With Loons. He is generally considered a "Guide" at the Teaching Drum, and emphasizes that he merely guides students to "the real Teachers," i.e., the more-than-human world.

== External links ==

* [http://www.teachingdrum.org/ Teaching Drum website]

=== Accounts from "Yearlong" Graduates ===

* [http://thedrum.hubraincor.net/ The Drum] - A collection of work by "yearlong" graduates
* [http://www.edgeofgrace.net/a-year-in-the-woods/ "A Year in the Woods"] by David from ''[http://www.edgeofgrace.net Edge of Grace]''

=== Criticism ===

* [http://astheteachingdrumturns.blogspot.com/ As the Teaching Drum Turns]

[[Category:Feral Longhouse cultures]]

Tribe of Anthropik

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 20:10:23 GMT

Summary: /* Territory */

The '''Tribe of Anthropik''' has begun rewilding to the [[Clarion River]] watershed in northwestern Pennsylvania.

== Territory ==

Anthropik has already begun to develop a deep connection with the [[Clarion River]] watershed, thanks to a family camp near Marienvlle, Pennsylvania that Jason and Michael Godesky have visited since their youths. Their parents and grandmother have already developed deep ties to that location. Those ties have become mutli-generational, now that the Clarion has become the place where Jason & Giuli—now married—first met.

The family camp has become home to a [[permaculture]] project, where the tribe has begun to experiment with what works in the [[Allegheny Plateau]] in general, and the Clarion River watershed in particular. It has also become the site of most of their rewilding efforts.

== Events ==

* ''25-27 August 2007:'' [[Rewild Camp Pittsburgh 2007]]

== Members ==

* [[User:Jason|Jason Godesky]]
* Giulianna Lamanna
* Michael Godesky

== See also ==

* [[:Category:Anthropik mythology]]

== External links ==

* [http://anthropik.com The Anthropik Network]
* [http://anthropik.com/tribe "About the Tribe"] on the Anthropik Network

[[Category:Feral Longhouse cultures|Anthropik]]

Onwe Onkwe

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 17:16:53 GMT

Summary: Initial text

'''''Onwe Onkwe''''' means "real people" in Iroquoian.

== The Haudenosaunee ==

:''For main article, see [[Haudenosaunee]]''

Also known as the Five Nations (or the Six Nations, after the admittance of the [[Ska-Ruh-Reh]], a.k.a., "Tuscarora," in 1720), the Haudenosaunee League founded by the [[Great Peacemaker]] and [[Hiawentha]] became the best-known example to Europeans of the Iroquoian-speaking leagues of the Longhouse bioregion. The Haudenosaunee thought of their territory as a single longhouse, with one door in the west in Onondowahgah (Seneca) territory, the other in the east in Kanien'kéhaka (Mohawk) territory, and the central fire tended by the centrally-located Onundagaono (Onondaga).

=== The Onondowahgah ===

:''For main article, see [[Onondowahgah]]''

Also known as the "Seneca," the Onondowahgah held the position in the Haudenosaunee of "Keeper of the Western Door," as the western-most of the league's tribes. Their own name, Onondowahgah, means "People of the Great Hill." The Onondowahgah send 8 royaner to the Grand Council.

=== The Guyohkohnyoh ===

:''For main article, see [[Guyohkohnyoh]]''

Also known as the "Cayuga," the Guyohkohnyoh's own name for themselves means "People of the Great Swamp." They send 10 royaner to the Grand Council.

=== The Onungagaono ===

:''For main article, see [[Onundagaono]]''

Also kown as the "Onondaga," the Onungagaono (the name means "People of the Hills") hold the position of keepers of the central fire in the Haudenosaunee confederacy. The Grand Council, held in their territory, includes 14 Onungagaono royaner.

=== The Onayotekaono ===

:''For main article, see [[Onayotekaono]]''

Also known as the "Oneida," the Onayotekaono ("People of Upright Stone") send 9 royaner to the Grand Council.

=== The Kanien'kéhaka ===

:''For main article, see [[Kanien'kéhaka]]''

Also known as the "Mohawks," the Kanien'kéhaka held the position in the Haudenosaunee of "Keeper of the Eastern Door," as the eastern-most of the league's tribes. Their own name, Kanien'kéhaka, means "People of Flint." The Kanien'kéhaka send 9 royaner to the Grand Council.

== The Susquehannocks ==

:''For main article, see [[Susquehannock]]

== The Wyandot ==

:''For main article, see [[Wyandot]]''

== The Cat Nation ==

:''For main article, see [[Cat Nation]]''

=== The Erielhonan ===

:''For main article, see [[Erielhonan]]''

=== The Neutral Nation ===

:''For main article, see [[Neutral Nation]]''

== The Mengwe ==

:''For main article, see [[Mengwe]]''

[[Category:Onwe Onkwe| ]]

Mythology

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 16:40:35 GMT

Summary: See also

'''Mythology''' means a system of myths, stories, and [[oral tradition]] that help a [[culture]] relate to its [[bioregion]] in terms of stories.

== See also ==

* [[Old growth mythology]]
* [[New growth mythology]]

{{stub}}
[[Category:Mythology| ]]

New growth mythology

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 16:39:06 GMT

Summary: /* See also */

'''New growth mythology''', by contrast to [[old growth mythology]], typically exists in (aspiring) [[feral]] [[human]] [[culture]]s. Such mythologies represent beginning attempts to create what may eventually become an old growth mythology, but still lacks sufficient relationships with its underlying [[bioregion]] to achieve that status.

== See also ==

* [[New growth]]
* [[Old growth mythology]]
* [[Mythology]]

{{stub}}
[[Category:Mythology]]
[[Category:New growth mythology| ]]

Old growth mythology

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 16:36:15 GMT

Summary: Exist in wild human cultures

'''Old growth mythology''' represents a proven, long-term, sustainable [[mythology]] with a deep-rooted relationship with its [[bioregion]]. Old growth mythologies typically exist in the context of [[wild]] [[human]] [[culture]]s. In terms of one particular old growth mythology, that of the [[Haudenosaunee]]:

:Haudenosaunee minds are composed not just of visible ecological domains but also by the numinous qualities of those domains that, allowed to mature, express the fullness of traditional territory. Old-growth minds and cultures mature, emerge, and encompass the old growth of their traditional territory. Haudenosaunee minds are congruent with their traditional territories but more important, Haudenosaunee minds are required to accomplish that symmetry in accomplishing their authenticity. The Haudenosaunee Creation Story explains and situates mind and territory in simultaneous origin and speaks to their timeless symmetry in speaking of a time when humanity’s ancestors lived in the Sky World.<ref>Joe Sheridan & Roronhiakewen “He Clears the Sky” Dan Longboat, "The Haudenosaunee Imagination
and the Ecology of the Sacred," ''Space and Culture'', vol. 9, no. 4, November 2006, pp. 365-381.</ref>

== References ==

<references />

== See also ==

* [[Old growth]]
* [[New growth mythology]]
* [[Mythology]]

{{stub}}
[[Category:Mythology]]
[[Category:Old growth mythology| ]]

Lady's thumb/Songlines

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 15:39:34 GMT

Summary: Use templates

{{songlines}}

== The Color-Maiden ==

{{AnthropikStoriedLandscape|/2007/06/the-color-maiden/}}

Long ago, when nothing showed any color and everything looked like shifting, foggy shades, a beautiful maiden lived among the Green Nation, and they called her Lady Redshank, for her beautiful legs, though of course, the word “red” did not mean for them then what it means for us today. Lady Redshank had a lover from the Black Nation, called Alum. One day, Lady Redshank said to her lover, “Doesn’t the endless gray bore you?”

“Of course not, my love,” Alum replied. “This is the way the world has always looked; how could it ever look any differently?”

“Let me show you!” Lady Redshank said, as she tenderly bedded her lover. She concieved then, and bore a child that burst forth from her in an explosion of color. “Our little daughter we will call, ‘Yellow’!” Lady Redshank said, and to this day, if you mix the leaves of the Color-Maiden with crushed alum, you will still create the same yellow dye that they birthed then, and proceeded to paint the world with. They painted the sun and the little flowers of the Sour-Heart, and everything yellow on the earth. Sour-Heart in particular so loved his new yellow flowers that he offered Lady Redshank some of his distinctive taste in return, and warned her, “It will make you delicious, but if any of the Red Nation eat too much of you, they’ll regret it!”

Lady Redshank admired the new, colorful world, and proceeded to create other colors, with the help of others in the Green Nation and the Black Nation, painting the whole world in all the colors we see today; and so did Lady Redshank come to be known as the Color-Maiden.

She created another color, Red, to paint herself with. She admired her beautiful colors, and adoringly touched her own leaves—and left a thumbprint, whereupon she rubbed off some of her fresh, green color, leaving a smudge where the original black color showed through. She gasped, realizing that she could never touch herself again, lest she wipe off more of her beautiful colors, and that is why even today, Lady Redshank is sometimes called “Lady’s Thumb,” from the tiny thumbprint that you can still see on her leaves.

Once all the colors covered the world, the Color-Maiden relaxed to enjoy the colorful world. Then she felt a pinch. It was a human, colored in her own hues of pink, picking at her leaves and munching happily on them. “You taste delicious!” the human said.

“Thank you,” the Color-Maiden blushed in her beautiful shade of pink. “But I recieved that gift from Sour-Heart; enjoy it sparingly, or you’ll regret it!”

“Ha!” the human laughed. “You taste too good!” And he continued chomping the leaves. Then, the human clutched his stomach. “Ooh, I don’t feel so good…”

“I warned you!” the Color-Maiden replied.

“Please forgive me, Color-Maiden,” the human begged. “Help me!”

“No, you brought this upon yourself!” the Color-Maiden answered. And she stood her ground staunchly, as the human grumbled in pain, clutching his stomach. Eventually, the human got up and left.

The next day, a shaman from the human’s village came to the Color-Maiden and approached her with all the proper respect. “Blessed Color-Maiden,” he said, “I apologize for the young one who came to you so impetuously yesterday. I accept the blame myself, for not showing him better how to approach blessed beings like you. But I must come now to beg of your mercy, for he lies now in great pain, and needs medicine to heal his ailing stomach. He has learned his lesson, and we will teach him to respect you as you deserve, and to honor all your gifts of color upon this world. Please, blessed Color-Maiden, will you have mercy?”

“Very well, shaman,” the Color-Maiden replied. “Since you have shown such great respect, I will relent. But remember this lesson and teach it to all your children, and I will give you my medicine. Make an infusion of my leaves, and give it to the ailing boy. That will relieve his pains.”

Others tell the same story of the elderly woman with arthritis, and still others tell the tale of a man who cut himself in sight of the Color-Maiden. “My color!” she swooned as the red blood swelled up. The man took some of the Color-Maiden’s fresh leaves, and they staunched the bleeding, and kept it from infection.

Lady's thumb

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 15:37:19 GMT

Summary: [[Category:Dixie flora]]

{{tabs}}
{{Taxonomy
| Kingdom = Plant
| Phylum = Magnoliophyta
| Class = Magnoliopsida
| Order = Caryophyllales
| Family = Polygonaceae
| Genus = Polygonum
| Species = persicaria
| Image = Ladys_thumb.jpg
| ImageCaption = Lady's Thumb}}

'''Lady's thumb''' or '''Redshank''' (''Persicaria maculosa'', formerly ''Polygonum persicaria'') is a perennial plant from the Knotweed family [[Polygonaceae]]. It is also called '''Persicaria''', '''Redleg''' or '''Spotted Ladysthumb'''.

There are three varietes known:
*''Polygonum persicaria'' var. ''angustifolium'' Beckh.
*''Polygonum persicaria'' var. ''persicaria''
*''Polygonum persicaria'' var. ''ruderale'' (Salisb.) Meisn.

Synonyms include ''P. maculata, P. persicaria, P. ruderalis, P. ruderalis, P. vulgaris, P. dubium, P. fusiforme, P. minus'' and ''P. puritanorum''.

It grows up to 1 m high, and has narrow, lancet-shaped leaves 8-10 cm long. The leaves often have a brown or black spot. The white, pink or red flowers are in dense panicles and flower from early summer to late autumn.

It is native to [[Europe]] and [[Asia]], where it can be mistaken for ''[[Polygonum minus]]'', but ''P. minus'' has narrower leaves, usually less than 1 cm wide, while its ear is slimmer.

It has been introduced to [[North America]] and is naturalised in all mainland states, being found along roadsides, riverbanks, and on fallow ground. In the United States, it is very similar to [[Pennsylvania smartweed]], but Redshank has a fringe of hairs at the top of the ocrea, something which Pennsylvania smartweed lacks.

== Habitat ==

* Cultivated beds

== Uses ==

This plant contains [[persicarin]] and [[tannin]]s. In [[medicine]], Redshank is used against [[diarrhoea]] and [[infection]]s. Fresh leaves have been used to staunch bleeding.

The leaves and young shoots may be eaten as a palatable and nutritious [[leaf vegetable]]. It is often seen as a weed and rarely cultivated.

A yellow dye can be produced from this plant with alum used as a mordant.

=== Edible uses ===

Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. They contain about 1.9% fat, 5.4% pectin, 3.2% sugars, 27.6% cellulose, 1% tannin. Seed - raw or cooked. It is rather small and fiddly to utilize.

=== Medicinal uses ===

The leaves are astringent, diuretic, rubefacient and vermifuge. An infusion has been used as a treatment for gravel and stomach pains. A decoction of the plant, mixed with flour, has been used as a poultice to help relieve pain. A decoction of the plant has been used as a foot and leg soak in the treatment of rheumatism. The crushed leaves have been rubbed on poison ivy rash.

=== Other uses ===

A yellow dye is obtained from the plant when alum is used as a mordant.

== Cultivation ==

Succeeds in an ordinary garden soil but prefers a moisture retentive not too fertile soil in sun or part shade. Repays generous treatment. Plants seem to be immune to the predations of rabbits.

== Propagation ==

Seed - sow spring in situ.

== External links ==

=== Sources ===

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshank_%28plant%29 Wikipedia]
* [http://pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Polygonum+persicaria Plants for a Future]

=== More information ===

* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?keywordquery=Polygonum+persicaria&mode=sciname&submit.x=0&submit.y=0 USDA PLANTS Database]

[[Category:Longhouse flora]]
[[Category:Dixie flora]]

White clover/Songlines

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 15:26:33 GMT

Summary: /* The Cow's Beloved */

{{songlines}}

== The Cow's Beloved ==

{{AnthropikStoriedLandscape|/2007/07/the-cows-beloved/}}

Once, long ago, the cow lived as a fierce animal that tested our ancestors. When our grandfathers needed to prove their worth, they would venture forth to test themselves against the mighty cows. They towered over our grandfathers with fierce horns, and the hot breath of great warriors. They lived noble and powerful lives, and knew no fear, and the little plant we now call “the Cow’s Beloved” fell in love with cow, and cow fell in love with her. Even today, you will see how strongly cows prefer her taste, and takes her into themselves.

In those days, the ancestors also ate freely of the Cow’s Beloved’s leaves, but there came a hard time, as the stories tell us, and our ancestors fell under the spell of the Grasses. It was during that time that there arose a powerful sorcerer among the Grass People, and he hated the noble cows. As the Grass People grew weaker and more sickly under the Grasses’ spell, they could no longer stand the might and power of the cows. They remembered the tales of their own ancestors, who had tested their strength against them, and wondered at what power their grandfathers must have commadned to struggle against such animals. This upset the sorcerer terribly, because his grandfathers had fought cows, and none of his people could do this any more. And so, he worked a terrible enchantment that robbed the cows of their ferocity and intelligence; it made them meek and gentle and dumb. Then he herded them along and subjected them to the Grass People; they raised them, herded them, milked them and then slaughtered them for food.

The Cow’s Beloved cried out in horror when she saw what the sorcerer had done to her lover, and cursed the Grass People to walk like cows upon two feet. They lacked a cow’s body, and so their stride caused pain in every step. She buttoned herself up as well, and made herself unpalatable to human mouths. In time, though, she saw the great suffering of the Grass People, and the great suffering they levied upon the world in their suffering, and relented somewhat. She said, “I will forgive any human who can escape my curse and remember how to walk as humans once walked, but even then they will have to earn my love. They will not be able to eat my flower or my leaves straight from the ground, as my beloved Cow does, or I will make them pay for it. But if they draw me a warm bath, and let me soak in the hot waters, then I will give them the strength I have to offer, and sustain them when nothing else will.”

And so the Cow’s Beloved has often saved those who have little else to eat, and gives strength to go on to those whose strength fails. But all can plainly see the tragic love she keeps for cow, as she waits for him to break the spell and remember his ancient, noble self; and still, we can see how Cow is drawn to her and loves her, though he cannot remember why.

White clover

Jason — Mon, 13 Aug 2007 15:25:50 GMT

Summary: /* More information */

{{tabs}}
{{Taxonomy
| Kingdom = Plant
| Phylum = Magnoliophyta
| Class = Magnoliopsida
| Order = Fabales
| Family = Fabaceae
| Genus = Trifolium
| Species = repens
| Image = White_clover.jpg
| ImageCaption = White clover}}

'''White Clover''' (''Trifolium repens'') is a species of clover native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. It has been widely introduced elsewhere in the world as a pasture crop. It is a herbaceous perennial plant. It is low growing, with heads of whitish flowers, often with a tinge of pink or cream. The heads are generally 1.5-2 cm wide, and are at the end of 7 cm peduncles or flower stalks. The leaves are trifoliolate, smooth, elliptic to egg-shaped and long-petioled. The stems function as stolons, so white clover often forms mats with the stems creeping as much as 18 cm a year, and rooting at the nodes.

== Habitat ==

* Ground cover
* Lawn

== Uses ==

White clover grows in turfgrass, crops, and landscapes. It is also found in a wide range of different field type environments. White clover can tolerate close mowing. It can grow on many different types and pHs of soil, but prefers clay.

Besides making an excellent forage crop for livestock, clovers are a valuable survival food: they are high in protein, widespread, and abundant. They are not easy to digest raw, but this can be easily fixed by boiling for 5-10 minutes. Dried flowerheads and seedpods can also be ground up into a nutritious flour and mixed with other foods. Dried flowerheads also can be steeped in hot water for a healthy, tasty tea-like infusion.

Before the introduction of broad-leaf herbicides, white clover was more often added to lawn seed mixes than it is today, as it is able to grow and provide green cover in poorer soils where turfgrasses do not perform well. Some even consider clover a weed when growing in lawns, in part because the flowers are attractive to bees and thus create a danger for people with bare feet.

=== Edible uses ===

Leaves - raw or cooked as a potherb. The young leaves are harvested before the plant comes into flower and are used in salads, soups etc. They can also be used as a vegetable, cooked like spinach. The leaves are best cooked. Flowers and seed pods are dried, ground into powder and used as a flour or sprinkled on cooked foods such as boiled rice. Very wholesome and nutritious. The young flowers can also be used in salads. Root - cooked. The dried leaves impart a vanilla flavour to cakes etc. Dried flowering heads are a tea substitute.

=== Medicinal uses ===

The plant is antirheumatic, antiscrophulatic, depurative, detergent and tonic. An infusion has been used in the treatment of coughs, colds, fevers and leucorrhoea. A tincture of the leaves is applied as an ointment to gout. An infusion of the flowers has been used as an eyewash.

=== Other uses ===

The plant makes a good green manure, it is useful for over-wintering, especially in a mixture with Lolium perenne. Produces a good bulk. It is a host to 'clover rot' however, so should not be used too frequently. It can be undersown with cereals or with tomatoes in a greenhouse (sow the seed before planting the tomatoes). Fairly deep rooting but not very fast growing. A good fast ground-cover plant for a sunny position.

== Cultivation ==

Succeeds in a moist, well-drained circum-neutral soil in full sun, preferring a sweet calcareous clay soil. Succeeds in poor soils. A very important food plant for the caterpillars of many butterfly and moth species it is also a good bee plant. A good companion plant in the lawn, tolerating trampling, but it dislikes growing with henbane or members of the buttercup family. It grows well in an apple orchard, the trees will produce tastier fruit that stores better. It should not be grown with camellias or gooseberries because it harbours a mite that can cause fruit drop in the gooseberries and premature budding in the camellias. Polymorphic, there are many subspecies and varieties. Some varieties have also been selected for use in lawn mixes. This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby. Buttercups growing nearby depress the growth of the nitrogen bacteria by means of a root exudate.

== Propagation ==

Pre-soak the seed for 12 hours in warm water and then sow in spring in situ. If the seed is in short supply it might be better to sow it in pots in a cold frame. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out in late spring. Division in spring.

== External links ==

=== Sources ===

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_clover Wikipedia]
* [http://pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Trifolium+repens Plants for a Future]

=== More information ===

* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TRRE3 USDA PLANTS Database]

[[Category:Longhouse flora]]